In recent years, several studies suggested that HBsAg titers in blood samples obtained during Hepatitis B treatment could be used to estimate the treatment outcomes. The present study aims to discuss the correlation between HBsAg quantification levels and the virological, serological and histopathological findings in chronic hepatitis B patients.The study included chronic hepatitis B patients who underwent liver biopsy between 2011 and 2013 at Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Clinic.. The patient demographics were recorded (age, gender). Patient AST tests were conducted with the spectrophotometric method. After the DNAs were isolated with AmplipPrep Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit, DNA level was determined with the COBAS® Amplip / Cobas® Taqman® HBV test V2.0 for HBV. The patient HBV DNA levels were recorded as IU / ml. HBsAg quantitation was studied with the Access device and the Elisa method.The study was conducted with 53 patients. The mean patient age was 28,73 ± 8.15. Out of the 53 patients, 35 (66%) were male and 18 (34%) were female. The mean patient HBsAg quantitation was 631,42 ± 406.55, fibrosis score was 1,35 ± 0.87, ALT index score was 67,07 ± 53.37, and HAI index score was 4,54 ± 1.55. In the statistical analysis, it was determined that there were negative correlations between the HBsAg DNA level (R: -0,273, P: 0.048) and HBSAG quantitation (R: -0,273, P: 0.048), fibrosis score , ALT (R: -0,477, P: 0.001), and HAI index scores (R: -034, P: 0,013), while there was a positive correlation with the HBeAg positivity (R: 0.477, p: 0.001). There were negative correlations between the HBsAg quantitation level and virological (HBV DNA level), histopathological (fibrosis score, HAI index) findings and a positive correlation with serological (HBeAg positivity) findings. As HBsAg quantitation level increased, fibrosis score and HBV DNA level decreased.

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency virus is a chronic infection that attacks the immune system of the human body, particularly CD4 T lymphocytes. Combined antiretroviral therapies are highly effective in virological suppression of human immunodeficiency virus infection. It has been shown that some retroviral therapies have a higher nephrotoxicity potential. As a result of renal injury, serum creatinine increases, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate is reduced. The aim of our study was to assess changes in kidney function during a 24-month period in HIV-positive patients who were begun on combined antiretroviral therapy. Material-method: A total of 127 HIV positive patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into five groups; patients who received no therapy were designated as Group 1; those that received Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine combination as Group 2; those that received Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate combination as Group 3; those that received Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Dolutegravir combination as Group 4; and those that received Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Raltegravir combination as Group 5. We compared the effects of these drugs on estimated glomerular filtration rate during a 24-month follow-up period. Results: At the 24th month of therapy, a significant difference was observed between the eGFR levels of the study groups (p:<0.001). eGFR level was significantly higher in Group 4 compared to Groups 1, 2, and 3 (p:0.009, p:<0.001, p:<0.001, respectively) while it was significantly lower in Group 5 than groups 1, 2, and 3 (p:0.005, p:<0.001, p:<0.001, respectively). No significant eGFR difference was found between Group 4 and Group 5 (p>0.05). Serum creatinine level was significantly higher in Groups 4 and 5 compared to the other groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The use of TDF-containing regimens causes renal dysfunction. Therefore, we recommend close monitoring of renal function, especially in patients treated with TDF.

Research of Occult Hepatitis B Infection in HIV-infected Patients, Schindler Study ABSTRACT Objective: Occult hepatitis B infection seems to be more prevalent among subjects at high risk for HBV infection and with concomitant liver disease. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of OHBI in group of HIV-1+/HBsAg- Turkish patients. Methods: Ten centers in Turkey have been included in the study. Gender, age, occupation, place of residence, treatment status, clinic, immunodeficiency panel, eliza tests, hemogram, biochemistry and coagulation laboratory results of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The number of HIV-infected patients followed in these centers is 3172. The mean age of the patients was 37.2 ± 13.1, and they were 235 males (84.5%) and 43 (15.5%) females. 278 (99.6%) of the patients are patients who received antiretroviral treatment. included in the s Of the 279 patients included in the study, it was determined that HBsAg was negative in all of them, 169 were positive for Anti HBs and 125 were positive for Anti HBc IgG. HIV RNA (203/278) was detected in 203 of the patients. 4 (1.4%) of the patients were diagnosed with OHB. In our study, no significant difference was found in hemoglobin and bilirubin levels and complete blood count in patients with HIV-OHB co-infection. However, albumin values were found to be <3.5 in three OHD patients (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Reasearch the presence of OHB infection in HIV-infected patients is important in determining treatment options and predicting the survival of patient. Hypoalbuminemia could be showing hepatic failure and we can suggest the importance of treatment that diseases.

Background: COVID-19, as a contagious infectious disease, can affect many systems and cause changes in inflammatory and hematological parameters. This study aims to research the effects of hematological and inflammatory parameters on prognosis of the disease and the duration of hospitalization. Methods: 186 patients aged 15-92 with positive COVID-19 PCR test results and a control group consisting of 187 healthy individuals with similar characteristics in terms of age and gender are included in the study. Age, gender, hematological variables, and inflammatory parameters of the patients on the 1st and 5th days of hospitalization were recorded retrospectively. Results: The mean age of the patient’s group was 47.0 ± 18.4 years and 54.3% were male. WBC, lymphocyte count, and platelet count were statistically lower in the patient group compared to the control group, while MPV, NLR, and PLR levels were higher. On the 5th day of the patient follow-up compared to admission day, it was observed that the neutrophil count and MPV level were lower; However, the platelet count and ferritin level were statistically higher. While there was a significantly positive correlation between the duration of hospitalization and the 5th day D-dimer (r = 0546, p < 0.001) and ferritin (r = 0.568, p < 0.001); there was a negative correlation between the duration of hospitalization and admission day lymphocyte count (r = 0.256, p = 0.006) and the 5th day lymphocyte count (r = 0.325, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Increased levels of ferritin and D-dimer and decreased count of lymphocyte are among important factors affecting the duration of hospitalization for COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we think that neutrophil count and MPV levels are low and platelet count and ferritin levels are high during the course of the disease, so these parameters can be used as prognostic indicators of the disease.