Background. Pediatric Brain Tumour Survivors (PBTS) are at risk of neurocognitive impairments. This study assesses both objective and parent-reported cognitive functioning in PBTS and examines how various factors (medical and socio-demographic) may contribute to cognitive outcomes. PBTS ( n = 100) were on average 5.77 years old at diagnosis, 12.36 years from diagnosis, and 47% female. Method. Participant IQ was measured using the full-scale IQ of the WISC-IV and WISC-V, and executive function using the BRIEF2 Global Executive Composite. Examined contributors included: age, sex, tumour location, time since diagnosis, radiation type, chemotherapy dose (high versus low), parent’s education level and mother’s partnered status. Results. Higher IQ was correlated with higher executive function skills. Differential patterns were observed with socio-demographic variables influencing working memory, while radiation influenced processing speed. Higher education level in both mothers and fathers and maternal partnered status were associated with higher child working memory. Proton radiation was associated with higher processing speed scores. However, only time since diagnosis contributed to total IQ and working memory in multiple linear regression analyses. Conclusion. The findings shed light on the sparsely examined domain of the impact of socio-demographic variables on neurocognitive outcomes in PBTS. Time since diagnosis remains a significant predictor of cognitive performance, accentuating the need for early identification and intervention in PBTS.

Background: Long-term musculoskeletal complications represent a growing burden for survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL). This study aimed to describe impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of survivors of cALL at highest risk for late morbidity (PETALE cohort). Procedure: This retrospective study, using cross-sectional observational data from the PETALE cohort, included a subgroup of survivors who presented extreme phenotypes of late effects. Participants completed bilateral hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), assessment of maximal isometric muscle strength (MIMS), range of motion (ROM), Near Tandem Balance (NTB), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Five Time Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST)), and quality of life (QOL). Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed. Results: 97 survivors were included in this study. The selected survivors (24.2 ± 6.7 years old) trended toward lower scores for most outcomes compared to available expected values referenced from a healthy population except for QOL. Thirteen participants (14.6%, 18 hips) had hip ON (53.8% male). Female survivors had hip ON with higher severity score (66.7% female vs. 22.2% male). Survivors with hip ON had reduced hip external rotation ROM compared to those without (p<0.05). Relationships were found between MIMS and ROM outcomes, and with 6MWT. Our multiple linear regression model explained 27.6% of the variance of the 6MWT. Conclusions: Although they reported QOL in the range of healthy peers, long-term cALL survivors at highest risk for late morbidity had clinically significant impairments and activity limitations. These data are in keeping with the frailty phenotype described in childhood cancer survivors.