Introduction: Psychopathological disorders such as anxiety, depression and body image distress are common in women with PCOS and negatively impact their mental health. It is important to identify mental health latent subgroups of PCOS females and provide tailored measures to reduce psychopathological distress and improve their subjective well-being. Methods: LPA was conducted in Mplus version 8.3 to identify mental health latent profiles in women with PCOS based on the dual-factor approach. Differences in demographic and anthropometric variables, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and social support across mental health profiles were examined through multinomial logistic regression. Results: The current study identified three distinct mental health profiles within women with PCOS: Symptomatic but Content Profile Complete Mental Health Profile and Troubled Profile, with group proportions of 52.3%, 35.7%, and 11.1 %, respectively. The results of the multinomial regression analysis revealed that cognitive reappraisal and social support as predictors of positive mental health adjustment and expression suppression is an indicator of negative barriers in women with PCOS. Conclusion: This study identified three distinct mental health profiles in women with PCOS, which provides evidence for more precisely targeted interventions to address PCOS women’s diverse needs of psychopathological symptoms and subjective well-being.