We describe a new method to analyze the properties of plasma waves, and apply it to observations made upstream from Mars by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. The slow measurement cadence of most charged particle instrumentation has limited the application of analysis techniques based on correlations between particle and magnetic field measurements. We show that we can extend the frequency range of applicability for these techniques, for a subset of waves that remain coherent over multiple wave periods, by sub-sampling velocity distribution function measurements and binning them by the wave phase. This technique enables the computation of correlations and transport ratios for plasma waves previously inaccessible to this technique at Mars. By computing the cross helicity, we find that most identified waves propagate upstream in the plasma frame. This supports the conclusions of previous studies, but enables a clearer determination of the intrinsic wave mode and characteristics. The intrinsic properties of observed waves with frequencies close to the proton cyclotron frequency have little spatial variability, but do have large temporal variations, likely due to seasonal changes in the hydrogen exosphere. In contrast, the predominant characteristics of waves at higher frequencies have less temporal variability, but more spatial variability. We find several indications of the presence of multiple wave modes in the lower frequency wave observations, with unusual wave properties observed for propagation parallel to the magnetic field and for background magnetic fields nearly perpendicular to the solar wind flow.

Cassini plasma wave and charged particle observations are combined with magnetometer measurements to investigate Titan’s induced magnetosphere. Electric field emissions close to Titan are identified as upper hybrid resonance emissions, which provide a density estimate of Titan’s cold plasma. These observations have been combined with electron spectrometer measurements to build an integrated map of electron density in Titan’s near environment using observations from TA to T82 flybys, ie which includes flybys from the Cassini prime, equinox and part of the soltice mission. We identify a dense ionospheric region and an extended plasma wake with values ranging between 10-2 and 103 cm-3. Upstream of the induced magnetosphere, the presence of pickup ions in the positive hemisphere of the kronian plasma convective electric field are detected. The mass of the observed pickup corresponds to methane group ions, N2+ and HCNH+ ions as well as Titan’s protons and molecular hydrogen ions. These ions are progressively accelerated by the kronian background electric field and we estimate its intensity by reconstructing the energization of this population. We find values on the order of 0.7 mV/m , consistent with an average estimate of 0.61 mV/m deduced from ∼ |VxB| computation.

In this study, we use data from the Juno and Galileo spacecraft to analyze the internal magnetic dynamo of Ganymede. As the only known moon with a strong internal magnetic field, Ganymede is a uniquely interesting object in the context of understanding the formation and structure of planetary magnetospheres. Using a spherical harmonic model centered on the moon, we report a dipole approximation for Ganymede of g01 = -716.4 nT, g11 = 56.0 nT, and h11 = 27.0 nT. We find that using a quadrupole fit rather than a dipole fit provides only a marginal increase in accuracy, and instead favor the use of a dipole approximation until more data can be obtained. The magnetic moment estimates provided here can be used as a baseline for interpreting data from future spacecraft flybys of the moon, and can serve as inputs into numerical models studying Ganymede’s magnetosphere.