Surya Gupta

and 5 more

The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is a key soil hydraulic parameter for representing infiltration and drainage in Earth system and land surface models. For large scale applications, Ksat is often estimated from pedotransfer functions (PTFs) based on easy-to-measure soil properties like soil texture and bulk density. The reliance of PTFs on data from uniform arable lands and omission of soil structure limits the applicability of texture-based predictions of Ksat in vegetated lands. A method to harness technological advances in machine learning and availability of remotely sensed surrogate information to derive a new global Ksat map at 1 km resolution using terrain, climate, vegetation, and soil covariates is proposed. For model training and testing, global compilation of 6,814 georeferenced Ksat measurements from the literature across the globe were used. The accuracy assessment results based on model cross-validations with re-fitting show a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.79 and root mean square error of 0.72 (in log10Ksat given in cm/day). The generated maps of Ksat represent spatial patterns of the vegetation-induced soil structure formation and clay mineralogy, more distinctly than previous global maps of Ksat such as computed with Rosetta 3 pedotransfer function. The validation of the model indicates that Ksat could be more accurately modeled using covariate-based Geo Transfer Functions (CoGTFs) that harness spatially distributed surface and climate attributes, compared to pedotransfer functions that rely only on soil information.