Abstract

In terms of human mortality, cardiac diseases have a higher mortality rate than cancer. Along with mortality rates, cancer morbidity also paints a rather bleak picture. Management of cancer continues to be a difficult task despite advancements in treatment modalities. Cytotoxicity is one of the key indicators in in vitro biological evaluations. Cytotoxic drugs have been shown to, among other things, disrupt cell membranes, inhibit protein synthesis, and bind receptors irreversibly in vitro. A number of short-term cytotoxic effects and cell proliferation assays have been created and used to identify cell death brought on by these insults. Among the in vivo models that have been developed are those that mimic chemical carcinogenesis and xenografts for human malignancies. The current in-vitro and animal models used in the development and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer drugs are covered in this article