In terms of human mortality, cardiac diseases have a higher mortality
rate than cancer. Along with mortality rates, cancer morbidity also
paints a rather bleak picture. Management of cancer continues to be a
difficult task despite advancements in treatment modalities.
Cytotoxicity is one of the key indicators in in vitro biological
evaluations. Cytotoxic drugs have been shown to, among other things,
disrupt cell membranes, inhibit protein synthesis, and bind receptors
irreversibly in vitro. A number of short-term cytotoxic effects and cell
proliferation assays have been created and used to identify cell death
brought on by these insults. Among the in vivo models that have been
developed are those that mimic chemical carcinogenesis and xenografts
for human malignancies. The current in-vitro and animal models used in
the development and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of
anti-cancer drugs are covered in this article