Purpose There are children having pectus excavatum(PE) accompanied with congenital lung malformation（CLM）. However, the simultaneous surgery or staged surgery outcomes of the PE and CLM is unclear. This study was aimed to demonstrate the outcomes of simultaneous or staged surgery of PE and CLM in children. Methods From December 2015 to December 2020, we include 11 patients who got PE accompanied with CLM or with lung malformation resection before in Department of Pediatric Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center. Six patients underwent NUSS procedure and lung malformation resection simultaneously. Four patients conducted NUSS procedure after lung malformation resection. One patient conducted congenital lung malformation resection after NUSS procedure. The staged surgery group of pectus excavatum concomitant with lung malformation is control group. The perioperative condition and postoperative follow-up were respectively evaluated. Results The age，gender and weight were no difference in study group and control group ( P>0.05). The intraoperative operation time, blood loss volume and postoperative hospital stay of control group were no significantly different study group, respectively (181.67 ±61.05 min VS 125.00 ±105.00 min; 271.67 ± 302.53 ml VS 105.00 ± 220.82 ml; 10.83 ±5.88 days VS 9.80 ± 4.82 days). All patients are follow-up at least 24 months in clinic department by X-ray. There were no statistical differences in these data. Conclusions The simultaneous or staged surgery of PE and CLM in children was feasible and safe. The children age beyond 3 year-old-age, the simultaneous surgery is advocated to recover. Additionally, large number of prospective study results are necessary to further invest the consequence of the simultaneous and staged surgery.

Objectives: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a very rare, characteristic and highly aggressive neoplasm occurring in children, most under 6 years of age. We assessed the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with PPB treated at our institution over a 10-year period to improve the prognosis of PPB. Methods: From November 2008 to November 2019, 31 children (21 boys and 10 girls) with a median age of 30 months (range, 22 days-54 months) were treated at our institution. Here, we describe the patient characteristics, treatment modalities and treatment outcomes. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the progression free survival probability (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Log-rank test was performed for comparison between groups. Results: 3 children were lost to follow-up and 2 were dead of postoperative complications. Of the 26 patients included in the follow-up, 16 PPB patients displayed tumor-free survival. The 6-month, 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS were 80.8%, 69.0%, 60.4% and 60.4%, respectively. Accordingly, the 6-month, 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 84.6%, 72.7%, 60.1% and 60.1%, respectively. Sex, extent of surgery and chemotherapy/irradiation appeared to affect the survival, while age and pathology type appeared not to do. Conclusions: PPB is an aggressive neoplasm. To improve the prognosis of PPB, we should promote radical resection and improve the auxiliary treatment measures.