Introduction: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in appropriate colonies, can delay the destruction of the immune system and contribute to the maintenance of immunity in HIV patients. Probiotics play an important role in stimulating natural killer T cells, strengthening the functional gut barrier, and reducing systemic inflammation. Methods: This study was a randomized double blind clinical trial involving 30 patients treated with ART who had experienced immunological failure despite HIV viral suppression. Patients were divided into two equal groups of 15, the first group received 2 probiotic capsules daily with a colony count of 10⁹CFU per capsule containing seven strains ,after three months they were examined for CD4+ counts by flow cytometry, after a one month washout period the participants who had received probiotics were switched to placebo, and the participants who had received placebo were given probiotics for three months, and they were examined for CD4+ counts seven months after the start of the study. Results: In the first group, administration of the placebo resulted in a decrease in CD4 count in the first three months (from 202.21 to 181.79, p-value < 0.001),which may be due to the natural history of the disease. After probiotics administration, CD4 count increased significantly (from 181.79 to 243.86, p-value < 0.001). Overall, after 7 months of study, there was a significant increase in the mean CD count from 202.21 to 243.86 (p-value < 0.001). In the second group, administration of probiotics in the first three months of the study resulted in a significant increase in the mean CD4 count (from 126.45 to 175.73, p-value < 0.001).Termination of treatment with probiotics resulted in a significant decrease (from 175.73 to 138.9, p-value < 0.001)but overall the CD4 count at the end of the study was significantly higher than at baseline (p-value < 0.001).

Introduction: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females[1], and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of noncoding RNAs that play regulatory roles in angiogenesis and cancer progression. The study of the expression patterns and functional roles of circRNAs in breast cancer has become an area of growing interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hsa-circ-00001724 gene expression and breast cancer. method: Circular RNAs were extracted from tissue samples and cDNAs were synthesized, followed by RT-PCR of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene as an internal control to ensure the quality of the synthesized cDNA samples. Negative controls were used in RT-PCR and qRT-PCR to exclude contamination with genomic DNA and PCR materials, and a positive control test was also performed. The most appropriate primer sequences were selected using OligoAnalyzer software and the NCBI website, and real-time PCR using SYBR Green was used to examine expression changes. The CT number was determined from the data obtained, and the resulting graphs were examined in terms of dimer formation. The Ct values of normal and tumor samples of the CIRC gene were also subjected to a parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: Real-time PCR reaction results revealed that the hsa-circ-00001724 gene had lower expression in cancer tumor samples than in non-tumor samples. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is hypothesized that hsa-circ-00001724 may serve as a potential biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and may also be a potential target for therapeutic purposes.

Consider amiodarone pneumonitis as an important differential diagnosis of ARDS , especially In clinically ill patients with renal failure who recently received Intravenous amiodarone .

We present 58-year-old man on long-term statin therapy with history of ischemic heart disease and percutaneous coronary intervention. Statin-associated tendon rupture is an uncommon clinical presentation that happened in our case. We review the literature to find the reliable substitute of statin in such high-risk patients for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

In this article, we report a 34-year-old man who presented with a buccal progressive ulcerated lesion which through histopathologic and IHC findings diagnosed as Peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

In this article, we report a 34-year-old man who presented with progressive hip pain and osteolytic bone lesions . Primary workup included Core needle biopsies manifested as osteomyelitis; however as no sign of remission was observed, an open biopsy considered which revealed primary bone lymphoma.