The geographical environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is complex, and there are a large number of poor environmental conditions of pastures, such pastures are limited by the terrain, and the change of grassland function after grazing may be different from that of well-grown pastures. Grazing causes changes in soil physical and chemical properties and soil microbial characteristics and increases soil carbon release in grazed grasslands, which could trigger a positive feedback and threaten the soil carbon function of grazed grasslands. It is therefore necessary to investigate the grazing response of such pastures. Early observations focused on grazing, and observations of different types of grazing and grazing management concluded that insufficient attention had been paid to the effects of environmental constraints on vegetation growth and grazing response. Based on the systematic observation of the response of soil characteristics and soil microbial biomass to grazing gradient in a natural alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the changes in soil ecosystem response to grazing and their correlations are discussed in this paper. The results showed that: 1) environmental conditions, especially the soil environment, significantly influence the response of alpine meadow ecosystems to grazing; 2) SOM is the main controlling factor in the soil material cycle, controlling both aboveground vegetation growth and belowground microbial biomass; 3) grazing increases the activity of soil microorganisms by initiating the microbial stimulation effect, thereby accelerating the consumption of soil nutrients and increasing CO2 release, while creating nutrient competition with aboveground vegetation, which is an important factor causing vegetation degradation, and the continuous increase of the microbial stimulation effect will also weaken the soil carbon sequestration function; 4) in actual production, light grazing is the best choice for alpine meadows in areas with poor growing environment.