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Enhanced firing of locus coeruleus neurons and SK channel dysfunction are conserved in distinct models of prodromal Parkinson's disease
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  • Lina Matschke,
  • Marlene Komadowski,
  • Annette Stöhr,
  • Bolam Lee,
  • Martin Henrich,
  • Markus Griesbach,
  • Susanne Rinné,
  • Fanni Geibl,
  • Wei-Hua Chiu,
  • James Koprich,
  • Jonathan Brotchie,
  • Aytug Kiper,
  • Amalia Dolga,
  • Wolfgang Oertel,
  • Niels Decher
Lina Matschke
University of Marburg, Germany
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Marlene Komadowski
University of Marburg, Germany
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Annette Stöhr
University of Marburg, Germany
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Bolam Lee
UKGM Marburg
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Martin Henrich
UKGM Marburg
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Markus Griesbach
University of Marburg, Germany
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Susanne Rinné
University of Marburg, Germany
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Fanni Geibl
UKGM Marburg
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Wei-Hua Chiu
UKGM Marburg
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James Koprich
Krembil Research Institute
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Jonathan Brotchie
Krembil Research Institute
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Aytug Kiper
University of Marburg, Germany
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Amalia Dolga
University of Groningen
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Wolfgang Oertel
UKGM Marburg
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Niels Decher
University of Marburg, Germany

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Abstract

Background and Purpose: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is clinically defined by the presence of the cardinal motor symptoms, which are associated with a loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). While SNpc neurons serve as the prototypical cell-type to study cellular vulnerability in PD, there is an unmet need to extent our efforts to other neurons at risk. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) represents one of the first brain structures affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and plays not only a crucial role for the evolving non-motor symptomatology, but it is also believed to contribute to disease progression by efferent noradrenergic deficiency. Experimental Approach: Therefore, we sought to characterized the electrophysiological properties of LC neurons in two distinct PD models: (1) in an in vivo mouse model of focal α-synuclein overexpression; and (2) in an in vitro rotenone-induced PD model. Key Results: Despite the fundamental differences of these two PD models, α-synuclein overexpression as well as rotenone exposure led to an accelerated autonomous pacemaker frequency of LC neurons, accompanied by severe alterations of the afterhyperpolarization amplitude. On the mechanistic side, we identified small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels as crucial mediators of the increased LC neuronal excitability and demonstrate that pharmacological activation of these channels is sufficient to prevent increased LC pacemaking and subsequent neurodegeneration following in vitro rotenone exposure. Conclusion and Implications: These findings highlight the important role of SK channels in PD by linking α-synuclein- and rotenone-induced LC pathology to SK channel dysfunction.