Abstract
Immunological Thrombocytopenic Purpura or ITP is the most common benign
blood disease in pediatrics. The aim of this work is to analyze the
epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and etiological profile of
Primary and secondary immune thrombocytopenia. It is a retrospective
study over a period of four years from September 2017 to September 2021,
collecting all cases of immunological thrombocytopenic purpura
hospitalized in hematology pediatric unit at the Abderrahim Harouchi
Children’s Hospital in Casablanca. 135 patients with ITP were
hospitalized in this period including 76 boys (56.3%) and 59 girls
(43.7%). The average age was 5.8 years (1 month -14 years). According
to Buchanan bleeding score, 3.4% of the patients were grade 0, 9.6%,
were grade 1 and 39.2% of the patients were grade 2, 41.5 % of the
patients were grade 3, 5% in grade 4 and only 1 case was in grade 5.
Etiologically, 86% of primary ITP and 14% of secondary ITP were
recorded. The etiological assessment revealed 9 cases of Helicobacter
pilori infection, 6 cases of immune deficiency (5 cases of WISKOTT
ALDRICH and 1 case of ALPS) and4 probable cases of systemic lupus
erythematosus. Patients were treated with either corticosteroids or
intravenous immunoglobulin (IgIV). The trend was towards acute ITP in 85
cases (63%), persistent and chronic ITP in 50 cases (37%). For a
better management of chronic and persistent ITP a complete etiological
assessment is essential. This will allow to propose an etiological
treatment and therefore an improvement of thrombocytopenia.