The interference and the diffraction are two basic phenomena in physical optics. It has been shown that: in the experiment of a double slit, the patterns depend on the shape of the double slit, e.g., a non-parallel double slit produces the hybrid pattern, the interference pattern embedded in the diffraction pattern; a curved double slit produces Point-Symmetry-Interference-Patterns. In Section 2, we show the pattern evolution of a curved-double slit experiment: near the curved double slit, the pattern is Pre-Particle pattern (at L = 10 mm), then evolve sequentially to Particle pattern (at L = 60 mm), to Transition pattern-1

We experimentally show novel phenomena: (1) in the same double slit or cross double slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-interference and gradually evolve to the interference patterns near the screen;

The interference and the diffraction are two basic phenomena in physical optics. We have shown the phenomenon that, in the experiment of two slits with the certain angle between two slits, the partial interference pattern is embedded in the two diffraction patterns, namely, there is the partial interference + diffraction hybrid patterns. In this article, we show that the nature and the characteristics of the patterns depend not only on the distance from the diaphragm, but also on the angle between two slits. Namely, when the angle between two slits varies from 00 to 450, the pattern varies from the interference pattern to the hybrid patterns (i.e., the partial interference pattern embedded in diffraction patterns) to the diffraction patterns. Challenge is to interpret consistently the hybrid patterns.

The orientation-dependence of the diffraction patterns of the 1D-grating experiments have been studied experimentally and theoretically. However, the experiments were limited to certain orientations, namely rotate the grating around two axes. We introduce the 3-axis-rotation apparatus, which can rotate the 1D-grating/2D-cross-grating, CW and CCW respectively, by 00-3600, around three axes independently and sequentially. By this apparatus, the orientation-dependence of the patterns of the 1D-grating is systematically studied. The experiments show the novel phenomena: when rotating the grating around three axes, not only the patterns are curved, expanded and inclined, but also the spacings between the adjacent orders of the patterns are non-uniform.

The interference and diffraction are two fundamental phenomena in optics. The patterns evolution phenomena have been shown for the interference and diffraction experiments respectively. In this article, we show for the first time the novel patterns, the Interference + Diffraction Hybrid Patterns of the novel double slit experiment, namely the interference pattern embedded in diffraction patterns. We also show how the patterns evolve, i.e., how the Interference + Diffraction Hybrid Patterns are formed. blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/c7b6a724-f88b-43cd-9693-b4c579429ded It is a challenge to theoretically interpret/describe.

Young’s double slit experiment is the mystery of the quantum mechanics (Feynman). To explore the mystery, the double slit experiments have been extended to cross double slit experiments. cross double slit L = 20 L = 50 mm L = 130 mm L = 250 mm L = 1200 mm blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/d533330f-0c43-46d8-ac99-4d5a6dc5b8eb Exp. A.1 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/d41e4f20-99c9-420a-9def-a4b75d2249ca blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/5671fee2-ce44-4c20-8eb9-1bcbe2f3871f blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/e3f05315-2d96-48fa-a69c-3c37e5500d4f blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/bd5db6a3-32ea-4251-902a-e69318f8166d blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/792dba5f-0e15-40cc-a632-a68241130f9f blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/7ce9f14c-535c-4354-b6be-fb59839abc63 Exp. A.2 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/dc981908-4e00-4401-b5fa-962d736545c4 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/138522db-39e3-4743-99ce-239ab567d22f blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/5db31062-cbbd-4d60-b02d-b8c1ef97a199 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/8c50243c-a8d0-4802-9649-c27e84b28a93 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/5435dae5-62b6-4caf-95c2-537f9da3b331 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/f35daacf-d3c7-4b2d-a02b-49e037274e71 Exp. A.3 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/1250c99b-c90c-4674-acc4-49a4df935b87 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/d73d9882-eb6f-491b-bbd4-7d20e3033981 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/8512a804-a4ac-4a50-9d82-606f19c4d5d3 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/43df7de8-7128-4cdf-a747-236be95af0dd blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/5c100403-cbc9-44cc-98b8-b8932d2568ff blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/62875629-fffa-4eeb-8b28-d7f8b3efafc4 Exp-A.4 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/18efd2c4-4edb-4f17-8417-abebac6c94fd blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/7d719fce-d72d-40a7-946e-a10f1d77016d blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/3f2aa1ae-ad41-4c3f-a629-01a912ebc7bf blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/b66d470d-b7f3-4594-a256-9fb62a3f0135 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/ff751b95-d82f-4eb8-ab39-aabbf32f3ac4 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/7d428565-2e5a-49a2-9c57-b391b6cc6547 Exp. A.5 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/4918b2c5-3e99-4d30-a0d4-a02362a84425 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/9d3d0aa9-f2fc-4e3f-b0e3-422079d161a4 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/ae8bf297-d381-47bb-a226-9ca68a55d079 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/06bf31a9-b484-42df-87d3-ce95df1d0408 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/69d04751-e85b-422b-bdce-044a4479db2b blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/6c264a07-bf8f-402c-ac11-9dec72d5e6d9 Exp A.6 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/05c986f3-aa01-49a8-aab8-7f2d61177de8 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/8f5cb559-f29e-42a9-af22-2e9c2c1ce67c blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/2b3e4e54-a310-4339-a71e-d228aa6fa985 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/fe73c811-b026-4988-bcfb-072e87efd5a5 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/e41147e0-5dcf-4676-b97a-4487598a570a In this article, we utilize the fact that each slit of the cross double slit (a double slit crossing a double slit) is divided into three segments by other two slits crossing, and experimentally show the function of each segment in producing both non-interference patterns (including Pre-Particle patterns, Particle patterns and Transition Patterns) and the Interference patterns by eliminate the segment and then, compare with the patterns of the standard cross double slit experiment. Although the non-interference patterns of different modified cross double slits are obviously different, the final interference patterns are surprisingly similar. This phenomenon needs a consistent theoretical interpretation, which would motivate the further development of optics. When applying the interference patterns of the cross double slit diaphragms, this phenomenon allows a tolerance on the defect of making the cross double slit diaphragm.

Young’s double slit experiment produces a single interference pattern, which has been explained as the consequence of the Superposition of waves. The cross double slit consists of at least two components. A component is either a single slit or a double slit or a triple slit, etc. A cross double slit experiment produces a combination of at least two interference patterns. In this article, we propose the Superposition of patterns of cross double slit experiment: at certain distance from the diaphragm, the complete pattern is the Superposition of the patterns produced by each component, respectively. L P1 P2 P3 Superposition of pattern is valid: yes or no 10 mm blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/0225329d-c29e-4a7f-8264-62f3bc5f1904 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/dac479cd-4906-4256-b348-39b19724dcb6 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/d4272632-b638-4971-b40f-6c8c2c30e138 No. Since there is fine structure in P3, so blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/48ecc511-852c-4690-9743-1312883b14b3 P1 and P2 are Particle patterns. P3 is Pre-Particle pattern 50 mm blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/95016f94-eebc-4597-8458-bba92c89dac6 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/961ef964-c70f-4281-899e-7b6cafbff899 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/79cef8a0-0745-45f2-a944-53b1ca2eba5c Yes. Since there is no fine structure in P3, so blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/a4abea3f-b78f-4ebf-9ab8-d2c232d47794 P1, P2 and P3 are Particle patterns. 1100 mm blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/ec3ee46a-e57b-41c5-b144-b871c544a8fd blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/a6a6e289-43c6-43cc-9fec-1cd68fcfbef8 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/4ebe7c79-43c2-4657-8bfc-ae8d35aa1805 Yes. blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/a4abea3f-b78f-4ebf-9ab8-d2c232d47794 P1, P2 and P3 are interference patterns. The Superposition of patterns is valid for the Particle patterns and the Interference patterns at certain distances from the diaphragm, while is not valid for the Pre-particle patterns and Transition patterns. The mystery is that when crossing two or more components at an angle, the fine structures emerge, which destroyed the Superposition of patterns. We show the Superposition of patterns in detail to provide phenomena for further theoretical study.

We experimentally show that: in the same classical wave experiment, (1) the light is photons; blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/2498c0ca-197a-4f4a-a278-2d1886734983 (2) near the double slit, although we assume the photons have the same frequency and phase, the photons do not produce the interference pattern and thus, we referrer the states of the photons are semi-coherent, i.e., non-coherent; (3) near and on the screen, the photons distribute as waves and produce the interference pattern and thus, the states of the photons landed on the screen are coherent. blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/ddc7b64b-d226-49db-a98f-1202d997dc4a blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/1fcdd9ed-f1e4-4947-ac51-7d66f2894f51 We referred it as Photon Waves (or Photowave) phenomena. The mystery is how the semi-coherent photons evolve to the coherent photons, i.e., how the non-interference patterns evolve to the interference patterns.

We show for the first time that when a linearly polarized laser light incidents either a grating or a double slit, the output light is non-polarized. Namely, both grating and double slit depolarize the linearly polarized laser light.

The classical interpretation of Young’s double slit experiment is that, before and after passing through the diaphragm of the double slit, the light behaves as waves. Feynman called the double slit experiment “the only mystery [of quantum mechanics]. We propose for the first time both the photon chamber and Postulates of convex lens, and utilize both to the classical wave experiments. Experiments show new phenomena that, in the same experiments: (1) the non-interference patterns near the diaphragm and interference patterns near the screen coexist; (2) the non-interference patterns evolve to the interference patterns; (3) the interference patterns and the non-interference patterns are produced independently and partially; (4) the light is not EM waves. The light is photons not only in Photoelectric effect but also in the classical wave experiments, and the photons distribute as waves near and on the screen, we referred the phenomena as Photowaves. The experimental results in this article are consistent. New phenomena require an interpretation.

The classical interpretation of Young’s double slit experiment is that, before and after passing through the double slit, the light behaves as waves. It is “the only mystery [of quantum mechanics] (Feynman). We proposed Postulates of convex lens for utilizing lens in wave experiments. By applying convex lens, we observed new phenomena of the double slit experiments, and referred as “new mystery”. blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/b9a5f787-c362-4e1a-a088-63823ff12323 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/108ed06e-a714-4fc1-a3ca-66bc1d20cd8a blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/3bc0437b-623c-462b-a855-0bd07867a2db blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/2e9cd581-982d-4e32-afd9-23ad3968b890 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/3fd06dd0-2ae9-4ed7-b3b7-e870224e8b69 In this article, we show the focal point related phenomena attribute to a thin lens, and confirm Postulates of convex lens. The combination of Postulates of the convex lens and the geometrical theory of the lens may describe the function of the lens in the wave experiments. The convex lens is helpful in studying the mystery of the double slit experiment. It is the challenge to interpret the convex lens related phenomena in the wave experiments.

The classical interpretation of Young’s double slit experiment is that, before and after passing through the diaphragm of the double slit, the light behaves as waves. Feynman called the double slit experiment “the only mystery [of quantum mechanics]. We have shown for the first time that in the classical wave experiments: (1) Particle patterns, which are non-interference patterns indicating the particle nature of light, are near the diaphragm, and Interference patterns are near the screen; (2) Particle patterns evolve to Transition patterns that are also non-interference patterns, and, finally, evolve to Interference patterns; (3) Postulates of lens for utilizing lens in wave experiments. blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/615e9312-3e89-48d5-99fe-bbad6cef8a75 blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/4fad8e66-75e1-47db-af51-d9e445461b9b blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/e4274387-92e5-41bb-9185-038555bb2f13 In this article, we experimentally show that Particle patterns, Transition patterns and Interference patterns of the double slit experiments are simultaneously emerged on the screen. We suggest that these phenomena and the physical mechanism of photons distributing as waves are new mystery.