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Genomics of Serrasalmidae teleosts through the lens of microbiome fingerprinting
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  • François-Étienne Sylvain,
  • Eric Normandeau,
  • Aleicia Holland,
  • Adalberto Luis Val,
  • Nicolas Derome
François-Étienne Sylvain
Université Laval 'Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Eric Normandeau
Université Laval 'Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes
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Aleicia Holland
La Trobe University College of Science Health and Engineering
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Adalberto Luis Val
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia
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Nicolas Derome
Université Laval 'Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes
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Abstract

Associations between host genotype and the microbiome of holobionts have been shown in a variety of animal clades, but studies on teleosts mostly show weak associations. Our study aimed to explore these relationships in four sympatric Serrasalmidae (i.e. piranha) teleosts from an Amazonian lake, using datasets from the hosts genomes (SNPs from GBS), skin and gut microbiomes (16S rRNA metataxonomics), and diets (COI metabarcoding) from the same fish individuals. Firstly, we investigated whether there were significant covariations of microbiome and fish genotypes at the inter and intraspecific scales. We also assessed the extent of co-variation between Serrasalmidae diet and microbiome, to isolate genotypic differences from dietary effects on community structure. We observed a significant covariation of skin microbiomes and host genotypes at interspecific (R2=24.4%) and intraspecific (R2=6.2%) scales, whereas gut microbiomes correlated poorly with host genotypes. Serrasalmidae diet composition was significantly correlated to fish genotype only at the interspecific scale (R2=5.4%), but did not covary with gut microbiome composition (Mantel R=-0.04; only 6 microbiome taxa involved). Secondly, we tested whether microbial taxa represent reliable host traits to complement host genotypic variations in these species. By using an NMDS ordination-based approach, we observed that subsets of the skin and gut microbiomes selected by a machine-learning Random Forest algorithm can complement host genotypic variations by increasing significantly the average interspecific differentiation. The complementarity of genome and microbiome variations suggests that combining both markers could potentially benefit our understanding of the evolution of Serrasalmidae in future studies.
Sep 2022Published in Molecular Ecology volume 31 issue 18 on pages 4656-4671. 10.1111/mec.16574