African swine fever (ASF) has circulated in Viet Nam since 2018, causing significant loss to the pig industry. The clinical signs of the ASFV-infected piglets have not been well documented. This is the first report of neonate piglets with neurological signs. ASFV was detected in brain tissues by PCRs and IHC. Also, CSF, PPV, PRRSV were not detected by PCRs suggesting that the ASFV might be the cause of neurological signs in piglets. It is recommended that brain tissues should be used in the ASFV detection in piglets, especially in neurological cases.