Objectives: To evaluate the risk of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) after mastoidectomy in patients with acute mastoiditis (AM) and compare patients who received surgical versus conservative treatment. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of medical records of all patients who were diagnosed with AM at Soroka medical center between the years 2005-2020 and had an available hearing test. Data included demographics, clinical characteristic, comorbidities, and a pure tune audiometry conducted in our institution after recovery. Hearing loss (HL) was defined as a decrease of 15 dB or more in a given frequency. HL was categorized as mild (25-40 dB decrease), moderate (41-70) or severe (71db<). Frequencies range was categorized as Low (<500 Hz), middle (501-2000 HZ) or high (>2001) pitch. We divided the patients to two groups; patients who received conservative treatment and patients who underwent surgery. Results: A total of 24 patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 12 underwent surgery (mean age 20.2 m) and 12 received conservative treatment (mean age 20.1 m). A definite CHL of 10 to 20 dB could be diagnosed in 3 of the 5 patients in each group, who had bone conduction thresholds measured. SNHL was not observed in any of the patients old enough to have bone conduction tested Conclusions: This is the first study to examine HL of children following AM. From our limited study it seems that the disease itself as well as mastoidectomy is not a risk factor for developing SNHL later in life.

Objective: To examine the relationship between Intra-operative hyperthermia (IOH) and post-operative fever (POF) and local complications in children undergoing CI surgery. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: Tertiary care University Hospital. Participants: The study includes all pediatric CI surgery procedures conducted in one hospital in Israel between 2007 and 2017, A total of 213 CI procedures were performed on 191 children (ages 9 months to 17 years; mean 3.54 years) Main outcome and measure: Clinical data included demographics, type of surgery (unilateral, bilateral), presence of IOH and POF, and local infectious complications within one month after surgery Results: Ten patients (4.9%) developed IOH, of which two developed POF. Of the remaining non-IOH cases (95.1%), 29 children (14.3%) developed POF. IOH correlated with cases of bilateral CI (80% bilateral CI versus 20% unilateral CI; p = 0.002). IOH also correlated with the duration of operation (289 min versus 189 min, respectively; p = 0.025). Local complications were recorded in 30 patients: two that developed POF in the IOH group, and 28 (14.3%) in the non-IOH group. No correlation was observed between the occurrence of either IOH or POF, and the occurrence of local complications. Conclusions: IOH and POF are not uncommon in children undergoing CI surgery, yet, in the present study cohort, both conditions are not associated with the development of local infectious complications. In addition, IOH does not appear to predict the development of POF.