E.coli from broiler is a reservoir for ESBL (extended spectrum beta-lactamase) and presence of ESBL is a growing concern for antibiotic resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate and characterize ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamases in E. coli with traditional and new-generation methods. As well as biochemical analyses, the identification of isolates was performed with the MALDI-TOF MS. Within the scope of phyloproteomic analysis, all components of MALDI-TOF MS-based Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (dendrogram, scatter plotting, composit corelation index (CCI) and variance,) were applied. In the present study which is the first report for Duzce (Türkiye), 28.6% of 122 CFEC (chicken feces E. coli) isolates were identified as CFEC -ESBL. blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA-10, AmpC, blaCIT, blaMOX, blaSHV, blaCIT, and blaMOX genes were explored with PCR and blaCTX-M-1 gene was detected with the highest rate (68.5%). At least one of the resistance genes was detected in the phenotype screening tests, except one of the isolates (CFEC-ESBL-90). On the other hand CFEC-ESBL-38 contained only bla CTX-M-15 and the fact that this isolate was the only atypical ESBL strain with indole (-) and lac (-) characteristics among all isolates explains the highest variance (41%) and the most different from other PCA components. Also, this isolate had a high degree of similarity (87%; CCI) with the other isolate (CFEC-ESBL-90), which had low similarity to CFEC-ESBLs. As a result, phyloproteomic analyses with MALDI-TOF MS are considered to be beneficial in the characterization of phenotypic bacterial behavior.

Objectives: Myroides spp. is an environmental pathogen and causes disease in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we report an outbreak of urinary tract infections caused by M. odoratimimus in a university hospital in Turkey. Methods: A total of 25 M. odoratimimus strains isolated from the clinical samples of 20 patients in our intensive care units and clinics were included in the study. Phenotypic and genotypic identification of isolates was performed using conventional methods, VITEK®-2 automated identification system, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and 16S-RNA Microbial Diagnosis methods. In addition, Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Elements (REP) PCR Assay method was applied for molecular epidemiological analysis. Results: All cases were diagnosed with nosocomial urinary tract infection, except for one case diagnosed with nosocomial bacteraemia. One of the M. odoratimimus isolates was sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam (MIC: ≤4 µg/ml) and one isolate was moderately sensitive to cefepime (MIC: 16 µg/ml). Other M. odoratimimus isolates were resistant to the tested antibiotics of beta lactams, monobactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and sulphonamides. When 10 isolates were evaluated with the REP PCR method, DNA finger print similarities were visually determined and there was a similar DNA pattern among them. Myroides source was not detected in environmental samples. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider that Myroides spp. isolates with multiple and broad-spectrum drug resistance may be a serious nosocomial pathogen like Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii. In order to choose the best treatment regimen, this atypical pathogen needs to be quickly identified and antibiotic susceptibility tests performed.