Introduction Seeing organizing as a dynamic, emergent process supported by different discursive practices allows researchers to problematize the whole concept of organization and the practice of organizing (e.g., Barker, 2014; Ganesh & Stohl, 2014; Hecksher & Donnellon, 1994). Online environments have offered new ways for citizens to participate in political activities and create collective action. .... social movements Simultaneously digital participation has been criticized of being a form a slacktivism, a form of activism where people show support to an issue only virtually without any physical effects in order to satisfy their own urge for contribution \cite[cf.]{Christensen_2011}. Such behaviour is particularly easy on social media platforms, where showing support takes place only by clicking, liking, and sharing. However, such a view exhibits a disparaging attitude towards the significance of communication processes in defining and framing the society and political issues. suggests communication should be put it the centre of analysis of collective action and political agency. According to her, communicative action emerges in conversations and is solidified in texts. Social media, in particular, allows more decentralized forms of both communication and action \cite[cf.][]{Castells2009}. Bechmann and Lomborg (2012) describe social media as a form of communication that is de-institutionalized, produced by the users, and taking place in an interactive and networked manner. As the support can be given only through cliks, it makes it possible to give support without risk and great commitment. hence the case Loldiers of Odin is a Finnish activist group, born January 2016 as a parody to the anti-immigration group Soldiers of Odin. The group makes all their public appearances disguised, dressed as clowns. We conceptualize this phenomenon as a form of cultural/political jamming a creative way to counter-communicate to the racist movement of Soldiers of Odin. The group exists both as a material entity on the streets but also as a digital entity. We argue that it is in particular the digital side of the group that gives the (organizational) meaning to the group activity. The purpose of this paper is to... Analytically we build on the premises of the CCO approach, that sees communication as constitutive of organizations. In this view organizations are seen as negotiated orders that are continually modified through communicative practices, formed and existing in language use and its various manifestations from documents to conversations (e.g., Scherer, 2003; Kuhn, 2008; Cooren, 2004). From this perspective the focus of investigation thus encompasses both the situated performances or interactions as well as the more stable, transcendent structures and artefacts, such as different texts (Brummans, Cooren, Robichaud, & Taylor., 2014, p. 187). Theoretical background Kavada, A. (2015). Creating the collective: social media, the Occupy Movement and its constitution as a collective actor. Information, Communication & Society, 18(8), 872–886. http://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1043318 Social Movements Social movements are a form of collective action. Following the approach of Flanagin, Stohl and Bimber (2006, p. 32) collective action can be defined as an inherently communicative phenomenon that includes connecting people through their interest in a public good, communicating messages to these people as well as coordinating, integrating and synchronizing the contributions of these individuals. From organization studies perspective social organizations and collective action have been important objects of study, since social movements can create new, lighter forms of organizing (e.g., Rao, Morrill, & Zald, 2000). Bennett and Segerberg (2013): - the coordination mechanisms of social media platforms bring individuals together without the need for a co-herent collective identity or any formal organization. - more individualized publics - "Flanagin, Stohl and Bimber (2006) assert that collective action is a communicative phenomenon, ‘involving the crossing of boundaries between private and public life’ (p. 32)." Culture jamming Culture jamming is a term that refers to creating a remix of known content such as an image to incorporate critical perspectives to it \cite[e.g., ]{Wiggins_2014}. disruptive tactics of political parody and satire Organizations as networks of communication The CCO perspective sees text and conversation as the two building blocks of organizing (Ascraft et al., 2009; Taylor & Van Every, 2000; Kuhn, 2008). Conversations are the situational communicative actions, interaction through language. Texts are the both the output and input of conversations, substances behind conversations. A continuous loop of translation from text to conversation and vice versa is taking place in organizing in the form of communication episodes (Taylor et al., 1996; Blaschke et al., 2012). [jotain lisää CCO] There are different streams within the CCO literature Methodologically the CCO perspective has mostly trusted on qualitative methodologies, such as conversation analysis or ethnographic accounts. However, aim to build a more methodologically rigid approach to CCO buy building on networks and network analysis. They suggest that networks of communication or communication episodes are formed inside an organization around symbolic or material elements (Blaschke et al., 2012, Taylor et al., 1996). Thus, starting from the communication perspective organizations can be defined as forming of networks of communication instances such as conversations (Ford, 1999), which makes them pluralistic and polyphonic by nature (Hazen, 1993). To get a picture of the whole organization these instances of communication should thus be studied in relation to another. Network analysis is s versatile method, which in social sciences has been mostly used as an application of social network analysis, that is to investigate connections between social actors . In the analysis different actors are represented as nodes of the network and connections between them are drawn as edges. Networks are usually presented as graphs that are calculated with a certain layout algorihtm to depict the structure of the network visually, and to distinguish most central hubs and actors. Blaschke and colleagues (2012) suggest that instad of focusing on the individual actors, from a CCO perspective network analysis could be used to study the network of communication episodes inside an organization by creating a network, where the vertices of the network represent communication episodes and the edges represent individuals. these XXXX XXXXXX form a series of local communication episodes that form a network of communication through the organization is constituted. Data and Method Loldiers of Odin is a Finnish activist group, which was born as a counter reaction to the anti-immigration group Soldiers of Odin, who they aim to parody. The group members dress as clowns and make appearances in demonstrations. The group made its first appearance in Tampere, January 2016. During the year 2016, sister groups have emerged in other cities as well. Group members only appear public anonymous, in clown suites, and refuse to give interviews in person. For the purposes of this paper we investigate the organizing of the group by studying their online communication as well as media coverage of the group. Our primary data set consists of all posts and comments published between 1.1.2016-31.12.2016 on the Loldiers of Odin Facebook page, including posts from both the page and page likers. This data set includes altogether 140 posts, with 14212 users liking, commenting, or reacting to those posts a total of 54996 times. In order to investigate get a bird's eye view of the network of communication episodes within this organization, network analysis is used as a method. The network is build by extracting the nodes and vertices from each Facebook thread in the sample so that source is the post and vertices are all the users who commented or reacted on that post. A force-directed graph algorithm (ForceAtlas2) and a network analysis software Gephi (Bastian, Heymann, & Jacomy, 2009) was applied to display connections between users, and messages. The force-directed graph algorithm places frequently recurrent user or message nodes close to one another. 913 unique commenters 138 posts, 2439 comments Keskeisimmät episodit nämä: https://www.facebook.com/loldiers/videos/221444978190470/ https://www.facebook.com/loldiers/videos/220568851611416/ (tässä siis yhtä kuin suosituimmat) 1843680019fa3d159506080325aeda0e2082d9ac = Timo Loikkanen, tyypillä loldiers-profiilikuva Loldiers Odin 2016: 140 posts, with 14212 users liking or commenting 54996 times. Modularity: 0.654 Modularity with resolution: 0.654 Number of Communities: 23 (Average Degree: 1.469) Average Degree: 3.720 https://www.facebook.com/loldiers/photos/a.219144338420534.1073741832.218482171820084/310083505993283/?type=3&theater Soldiers Odin 2016: 2840 posts, with 61136 users liking or commenting 412893 times. Modularity: 0.774 Modularity with resolution: 0.774 Number of Communities: 18 Average Degree: 1.152 Density: 0.002 Some isolates Preliminary results and contributions Here be the results. Our preliminary results show how the digital dimensions brings an important aspect to the existence of the Loldiers as a collective actor. The material and physical parts of their performance take place on the streets and in the demonstrations, but the digital dimension makes the protest more widespread and allows them to attach certain narratives/forms of communication particular to the digital age statements, videos, photographs memes Kavada 2016: "the capacity to access and participate in the sites of targets, adversaries, and the mainstream media; the capacity to manage and regulate the conversations with targets and adversaries; the capacity to persuade, to make compelling argu-ments, texts, visuals that sway public opinion, targets and adversaries; the capacity to articulate, to link differ-ent sites, actors, conversations and create alliances and coalitions; and the capacity to represent—to speak on behalf of (at least a part of) society, to assume and de-fine its collective voice." All in all, our results show the communicative nature of a social movement performance Without digital communication the protest would not be as organized and meaningful trace the process of collective agency constituting itself as a collective actor (Kavada, 2016) - Digitalization and the emergence of new organizational forms in the digital public space - Processes and practices of collective agency in the digital public space We have no access to the internal discussion of the group, hence certain parts of the organizing process remain outside the scope of this paper. However, we argue that the public communication acts performed on the public Facebook side as well as the voices of the supporters recorded as the Facebook comments open important views to the process where the collective actor of Loldiers is publicly constituted, and where it performs if communication capacities \citep[cf.][]{Kavada_2016,Tilly2005}. It is through these acts of supports that the citizens bestow the group with legitimacy and hence, the capacity to represent their thoughts and feelings as an actor. Kavada 2016, p. 10: "communication power encompasses the capacity to create new codes that shape how society interacts, new sites of conversation that operate differently, to provide models of living and being that change the world in a way that conforms to the movement’s ideals and values." References POISTETTUA: Racism or maahanmuuttokriittisyys as a master frame: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm126/full recruitment diff microfoundational http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2094895.pdf networks and moral shok http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/socprob42&div=34&g_sent=1&collection=journals# http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~polletta/Articles%20and%20Book%20Chapters_files/2006%20polletta%20and%20ho%20frames%20and%20their%20consequences.pdf
