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Characteristics and Medication Use Patterns of Pregnancies with COVID-19 Ending in Live-Birth in the Sentinel System
  • +13
  • Mayura Shinde,
  • Austin Cosgrove,
  • Jennifer G. Lyons,
  • Maria E. Kempner,
  • Jolene Mosley,
  • David Cole,
  • Emma Hoffman,
  • Elizabeth Messenger-Jones,
  • José J. Hernández-Muñoz,
  • Danijela Stojanovic,
  • Benedict H. W. Wong,
  • Yueqin Zhao,
  • Leyla Sahin ,
  • Susan E. Andrade,
  • Sengwee Toh,
  • Wei Hua
Mayura Shinde
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Austin Cosgrove
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine
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Jennifer G. Lyons
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine
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Maria E. Kempner
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine
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Jolene Mosley
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine
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David Cole
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine
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Emma Hoffman
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine
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Elizabeth Messenger-Jones
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine
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José J. Hernández-Muñoz
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology
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Danijela Stojanovic
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology
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Benedict H. W. Wong
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
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Yueqin Zhao
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
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Leyla Sahin
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
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Susan E. Andrade
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine
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Sengwee Toh
Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine
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Wei Hua
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology
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Abstract

Background: Pregnant individuals are at high risk for developing severe illness related to COVID-19. We adapted the “COVID-19 infectiOn aNd medicineS In pregnancy” (CONSIGN) CONSIGN study protocol as part of an international collaboration to understand the natural history of COVID-19 disease among pregnant individuals in the U.S. Methods: We identified individuals aged 12 to 55 years with documented live-birth deliveries in the Sentinel Distributed Database who had at least one qualifying diagnosis for COVID-19 or positive-confirmed nucleic acid amplification test for SARS-CoV-2. We conducted separate 1:1 propensity score matched analyses comparing pregnant individuals with COVID-19 to: 1) pregnant individuals without COVID-19 during six months prior to or during pregnancy; and 2) non-pregnant individuals with COVID-19. Results: From January 2020 to December 2022 , we identified 52,355 pregnant individuals with COVID-19 matched to 52,355 pregnant individuals without COVID-19. Outpatient medication use in the 30 days surrounding COVID-19 date (or matched date) was generally low but similar between pregnant individuals with and without COVID-19. We identified 40,518 pregnant individuals with COVID-19 matched to 40,518 non-pregnant individuals with COVID-19. Medication use in 30 days prior to COVID-19 was higher among non-pregnant than pregnant individuals with COVID-19. More pregnant individuals than matched non-pregnant individuals were classified as non-severe (87.2% vs. 79.9%); however, more non-pregnant individuals could not have their COVID-19 severity determined (19.0% vs. 10.0%). Conclusions: Medication use is generally low in pregnancies with COVID-19, compared to pregnancies without COVID-19 and non-pregnant individuals with COVID-19. Interpretation of medication utilization patterns is challenging due to changing treatment and prevention recommendations during the pandemic.