Understanding the temporal stability of spatial patterns of soil moisture (SMSP) is essential for predicting and modelling soil moisture; however, there is a relative lack of existing research on the effects of long-term vegetation restoration on the temporal stability of soil moisture. In this study, the temporal stability of soil moisture in the catchment at different stages of vegetation restoration (10 years (RF10), 20 years (RF20) and 40 years (RF40) of farmland rehabilitation) and the associated influencing factors were investigated. The results show that within the RF10 catchment, water deficits occurred during the growing season and that long-term revegetation improved soil moisture in the catchment and increased the water surplus. The overall spatial pattern of soil moisture was consistent across the three catchments. Decreases in soil moisture stability indicators (MRD and ITS) and increases in Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients for soil moisture suggest that revegetation has enhanced the stability of the spatial pattern of soil moisture in the catchment. In addition, the R2 fit of moisture at representative sample sites to the mean moisture in the catchment increased; fluctuations in the spatial pattern of soil moisture were mainly influenced by plant indicators such as fine root biomass (FRB), shrub grass biomass (SGB) and leaf area index (LAI) in the first and middle stages of revegetation, while the temporal stability of soil moisture gradually became more dependent on soil indicators such as Clay and SOC in the middle and late stages of revegetation.