Background: Cancer patients were considered to be at high risk for COVID-19 because they are more likely to develop serious infections. Children and adolescents with cancer are also more vulnerable to COVID-19. This study aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 on clinical outcomes in a cohort of children and adolescents with cancer in NE-Brazil. Methods: This is a survey of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of cancer patients hospitalized between April 2020 and September 2021 at the public pediatric oncology service of Sergipe. All children and adolescents underwent detection of SARS-CoV-2 through RT-PCR. Results: One hundred fifteen patients were hospitalized but three were transferred to other services and they were excluded from this study. The final sample consisted of 112 children. Had at least one COVID-19 positive test 54.46% and 40.18% among these patients died. There was difference between death and positive test (p=0.03; odds ratio [OR], 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-5.09), observing higher mortality rate among patients with coronavirus positive test, having them or not COVID-19 symptoms. There was also difference between outcome and patients’ oncological diagnosis (p=0.02; OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.16-11.44). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection and fatality rates among pediatric oncology patients were significantly higher than those found in previous studies. There was also a higher number of deaths in the group with a positive test and with solid tumors, with the predominant cause of death being the progression of the oncological disease.