Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstones in the paediatric and adult
population in the city of Al-Ahsa
Abstract
Background and Aims: Cholelithiasis is a common upper gastrointestinal
tract disorder in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Analyses of risk factors
for gallstone formation may explain the need for lifestyle
modifications. Therefore, our aim was to identify sex- and age-related
differences in the prevalence and risk factors for gallstones among
Saudi individuals in the city of Al-Ahsa. Methods: The medical records
of patients, ≥1 year of age, with a radiologically confirmed diagnosis
of gallstones, between 2014 through 2016, were retrieved and relevant
demographic and clinical data extracted. Risk factors for cholelithiasis
for all age groups were identified. Results: A total of 618 patients had
radiologically confirmed gallstones over the 3-year period of
observation. The prevalence was higher among females than males (73%
versus 27%, respectively) in all age groups. In the paediatric group,
the prevalence of gallstones was higher among girls with obesity and
those with sickle cell disorders. Advanced age, a higher body mass
index, high low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol
were independently associated with cholelithiasis in both gender of all
age groups. Hepatitis B and C were not found to be risk factors for
cholelithiasis. Conclusions: Older age, female sex, a high body mass
index, and hyperlipidaemia are major risk factors for gall stones
formation among all age groups. Haemolytic anaemia, namely sickle cell
disease, is a prevalent risk factor in paediatric population.