Abstract: Objective To analyze the current status, hotspots and frontier trends of genomics research on the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from 2019 to the present (March 2022). Methods Using citespace software to conduct statistical and visual analysis of data in each country, institutions, authors, journals, co-cited literature, keywords, etc. were published on the 2019-2022 Web of Science Core Collection Database (WOS) on the genomics of novel coronavirus pneumonia Results of related literature. Results A total of 9,121 English literatures were included. In 2021, the number of publications has increased significantly, and it is expected to continue to show a continuous upward trend in the future. The research hotspots of COVID-19 revolve around quarantine, biological management, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, rna-dependent rna polymerase, etc. Research fronts and trends focus on molecular docking, messenger RNA,functional receptor, etc. Conclusion The research attention in the field of novel coronavirus pneumonia genomics has increased significantly in the past two years.

A 27 year old man with an history of persistent hyperthyroidism, had been referred to surgeon for total thyroidectomy, but the procedure was delayed during the COVID-19 pandemic. He developed a nonpitting oedema on the pretibial region of both legs leading to diagnosis of thyroid dermopathy.

An out-of-season opportunistic H3N2 type A influenza epidemic occurred in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during October-November 2021, in between the Delta and Omicron SARS CoV-2 surges. We assessed the contribution of climate change and influenza immunization coverage in this unique, little publicized phenomenon. State weather patterns during the influenza epidemic were significantly different from the five preceding years, matching typical winter temperatures. There was also a mismatch between influenza vaccine strains used in the winter of 2021 (trivalent vaccine with two type A strains (Victoria/2570/2019 H1N1, Hong Kong/2671/2019 H3N2) and one type B strain (Washington/02/2019, wild-type) and the circulating influenza strain responsible for the epidemic (H3N2 Darwin type A influenza strain). In addition, in 2021 there was poor influenza vaccine coverage with only 56% of adults immunized. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, we should be prepared for out-of-season outbreaks of other respiratory viruses in periods of COVID-19 remission. The availability of year-round influenza vaccines could help avoid unnecessary morbidity and mortality given that antibodies rapidly wane. Moreover, this would enable unimmunized individuals to have additional opportunity to vaccinate during out of season outbreaks.

It is important to increase the awareness of head and neck surgeons about the recent surge of craniofacial mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients, because early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the outcomes. Here, we describe clinical features, treatment protocols, and outcomes of treatment in 8 patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis

Nowadays, there are a few therapeutics to prevent or treat COVID-19. Because the development of safe and effective drugs is expensive and time-consuming, drug repurposing is now part of the arsenal of drug discovery. Herein, we focus on the repurposing of relatively large FDA-approved drugs (MW > 500, LogP ≤ 5) that target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We performed a computational study incorporating molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and relative binding energy calculations to discover prospective compounds with high affinity towards the viral RBD. We found that the most promising drugs, namely, Atazanavir, Zazole, Valrubicin, and Telotristat, influence hotspot residues of the RBD protein and may interfere with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor. Our findings corroborate with the present literature and can accelerate the rational design of selective inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2.

Background: Reports of SARS-CoV-2 in animals have implicated human sources. Similarities in SARS-CoV-2 cell receptors between humans and animals suggest possible cross-transmission of COVID-19. Using a One-Health approach, we assessed exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in humans with no history of confirmed infection, selected domestic animals in their homesteads, and in wild animals in Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in two districts where community COVID cases were first reported: and at Uganda Wildlife Education Centre (UWEC). Thirty-six humans and 48 domestic animals per district; and 14 animals at UWEC were sampled. Blood and nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal samples were analysed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, viral antigens, and genome. Interviewer-administered questionnaire on socio-demographics, travel history, disease symptoms and knowledge on COVID-19 was conducted, data was analysed with STATA 16.0. Results: One hundred forty participants were interviewed, 77% were below 49 years old, 56% had only primary education, 50% were catholics; and 70% subsistence farmers. COVID-19-related information was majorly from radios (89%), families and or friends (55%). Over 60% were aware of at least two COVID-19 symptoms. In humans, sero-prevalence was 31.9%, 4.2% and 13.9% for IgG, IgM, and COVID-19 antigen, respectively. IgG sero-prevalence was significantly higher in females (47.2%) than males (16.7%) with p=0.005, and similar trends were noted for IgM and antigens. In domestic animals, caprine had the highest IgG seropositivity, followed by bovine, avian and lastly canine at 70.6%, 50.0%, 42.9% and 38.5%, respectively. IgM was detected in one dog. At UWEC, five animals had both IgG and IgM whereas two had only IgG. All human and animal samples were RT-PCR negative. Conclusion: A high sero-prevalence of IgG, indicates previous exposure. Ascertaining cross-species transmission at human-animal interface was unproven due to negative RT-PCR results, hence isolation and characterisation of virus were not done.

Aim: Vaccines have been mainly described to provide cardioprotective effects with rare reports showing rare association with myopericarditis. However, vaccines have not been well studied regarding its effects on heart rhythm disorders. Methods: we used vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) between 1990-2021 to search for atrial fibrillation and other less prevalent arrhythmia. Disproportionality signal analysis was conducted by measuring reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Over 1,300,000 adverse events were reported between 1990-2021. Among these events, atrial fibrillation was reported 2149 times in association with various vaccines. 90% of atrial fibrillation was associated with COVID-19 vaccines with ROR of 13.18 (CI 95%: 11.3 to 15.4) (P<0.0001). Interestingly, influenza vaccines, polyvalent polysaccharide pneumococcal (PPSV23) vaccine, pneumococcal 13-valent (PCV13) vaccine, zoster vaccine, and tetanus-containing vaccines were significantly associated with reduced atrial fibrillation. Finally, our analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccines were associated with much higher incidence of other cardiac arrhythmias compared with other vaccines. Conclusions: While vaccines have not been linked to heart rhythm disorders, the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines in 2020 showed significant association with atrial fibrillation. This study showed unprecedent detrimental effect of COVID-19 vaccines on atrial fibrillation and warrants the need to take that into consideration when prescribing COVID-19 vaccines.

We found a seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG of 77% in a population of Cameroonian pregnant women sampled 14 months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This high exposure to the virus requires a rethinking of vaccine priorities in African countries. The value of vaccination against COVID-19 should be considered at the local level based on seroprevalence studies, but the expanded programme of vaccination interrupted during the pandemic should be resumed urgently.

Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused many complications, the invention of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines has also brought about several adverse events, from common side effects to unexpected and rare ones. Common vaccine-related adverse reactions manifest locally or systematically following any vaccine, including Covid-19 vaccines. Certain side effects, known as adverse events of special interest (AESI), are unusual and need more evaluation. Here, we discuss some of the most important rare adverse events of Covid-19 vaccines.

Letter to Editor

Severe SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatrics are rare and usually presented as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. There are few descriptions about pediatric oncology patients. We describe a case of 5-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia. He presented febrile neutropenia with skin lesions and progressive clinical worsening. He had positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and criteria for MIS-C. He received methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. Anti-interleukin 6 was administrated due to severe lung disease and refractory to treatment, presenting response and slow clinical recovery. Chemotherapy was restarted, he didn't present relapse during treatment and has no sequelae of COVID-19.

Here, we report a case of acute liver failure and a drastic increase of liver enzyme in a pediatrician with COVID-19 infection without a history of preexisting liver disease. Unfortunately, the patient passed away several days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

In the last two years, SARS-CoV-2 infection, commonly called COVID-19, has taken a jump from being rarely talked about to becoming a household name. Making it to history as the 5th global pandemic, this public health crisis has taken millions of lives all over the world. Right from the time of identification of patient zero, the pandemic has been a series of waves of infection, causing a domino effect whose impact has been felt in all walks of life. Global efforts have been underway to combat this pandemic and minimize its repercussions, resulting in the development of efficient vaccines and drugs to control and treat the disease. However, making the benefits of these efforts available to everyone and walking the path towards the end of the pandemic remains a challenge. Keeping this in view, this review intends to present aspects of sequential development of the pandemic, different types of variants, risks associated with different categories of population, drugs currently in use, recent advancements in diagnostics and treatment, and the challenges that continue to remain in overcoming this pandemic. However, the task of controlling and managing the impact of such a massive pandemic goes well beyond the boundaries of what present-day technology in the field of medicine and health-care can offer. A collaborative and integrative approach between academic, scientific, social, and economic factors, along with close supervision and reinforcement of the current public safety protocols, can help to ensure a better management strategy to control the progression of COVID-19.

Drinking water sources have higher water quality requirements because of their special uses. Many drinking water sources in the world have been polluted or are being polluted for a long time, resulting in eutrophication. We define the approaches that have been developed in the last 10 years and achieved good effect as innovative restoration approaches. In this paper, the traditional, and frequently used restoration approaches in recent 30 years were briefly reviewed, and the innovative technologies and methods were summarized and evaluated in detail. In light of the impact of COVID-19, we have also put forward rational suggestions on water quality restoration of transboundary rivers to provide scientific reference for global public health safety and protection.

Myositis is one of the uncommon adverse events following COVID--19 vaccination, and its mechanism is still unclear. In the hope of aiding in its better understanding, we present a case of myositis following the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine, evidenced by serology and MRI.

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COVID-19 showed different characteristics and many cases showed clinical manifestations that could not be attributed to other conditions. We present a 22-year-old female had an uneventful recovery from COVID-19 and after that, she developed a cytokine storm and a worsening clinical condition two days after dental root canal therapy.

Background: In the face of this threatening epidemic, the health behaviors of people gain great importance in terms of both minimizing the prevalence and reducing possible life losses. perception of health affects health behavior. Psychological resilience is key in combating a challenging situation that threatens both physical and psychological health. Objective: This study was aimed to examine the correlation between psychological resilience and health perception in terms of some variables in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using quantitative and general screening models. In data collection, an Individual Information Form, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Perception of Health Scale (PHS) were used. Results: The participants had a mean age of 33.24 ± 10.95, with 35.7% males. Mean scores were 52.68 ± 6.80 for PHS and 20.11 ± 4.24 for BRS. We found that the health perceptions of the participants increased in parallel with their psychological resilience (p<0.05). Conclusion: The participants were found to have moderate levels of health perception and psychological resilience. Their measures against the epidemic and certain socio-demographic characteristics led to differences in their psychological resilience and health perceptions. Knowing the psychological resilience and health perceptions of individuals can improve the quality of treatment and care.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the central role of diagnostic tests in pandemic control. Although reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, several rapid antigen tests (RAT) have been commercialized as rapid point-of-care diagnostics. To the best of our knowledge, there are limited data on the effect of patient’s clinical and laboratory parameters on RAT performance and no studies exist that tested the importance of combining laboratory measurements in patient’s blood in enhancing the performance of RAT. Here we tried to fill these gaps by evaluating the diagnostic performance of the RAT “Standard ™ Q COVID-19 Ag” in participant’s subgroups studying the influence of viral load, sampling time-post symptoms, clinical and laboratory features on test performance. Eighty-three nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested for sever acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by both RT-qPCR and RAT. Diagnostic accuracy of the RAT was evaluated for participant’s subgroups that have various features. Support vector machine model was then used to investigate whether laboratory measurements in subject’s blood would enhance the predictive accuracy of this RAT. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the RAT were 78.2, 64.2 and 75.9%, respectively. Samples with high viral load and those that were collected within one week post-symptom showed the highest sensitivity and accuracy. Measuring Laboratory indices did not enhance the predictive accuracy of this RAT. It is concluded that “Standard ™ Q COVID-19 Ag” should not be used alone for COVID-19 diagnosis due to its low diagnostic performance. This RAT is best used at early disease stage and in patients with high viral load.

Morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 is due to0 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome(SARDS). Majority of victims dies on way to hospital or in ambulance for want of oxygen and ventilator bed. Here we report A case recovered without oxygen irrespective of oxygen saturation 74%.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health issue and patients with underlying conditions are more susceptible to catastrophic outcomes. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe systemic disease caused by immune system hypersensitive reaction. We present a case of TEN that later complicated with COVID-19,Deep Vein Thrombosis(DVT),Pulmonary Emboli(PE),and death.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented upsurge in the publication of scientific studies as the global community has collaborated to control the spread of the disease. Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the research trends and identify the core content based on publication output, the geographic distribution, collaborations and keywords. We searched for articles published from 1900 to June 30, 2020 based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) in the Web of Science. Results: Our analysis revealed the following: (1) The number of publications clearly increased after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks and sharply increased during the COVID-19 outbreak. Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 generated a more dramatic and prolonged upsurge in publication. (2) Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 had a more widespread and powerful effect on countries and territories, with a rapid onset. Countries and territories engaged in more international collaboration and communication to cope with the epidemics, and the COVID-19 pandemic led to marked increases in research advancements. (3) Based on the keywords, we found that multiple methods were used to address the COVID-19 pandemic that were based on biology, especially the immune response. Conclusions: Epidemics lead to an extreme acceleration and changes in research.

The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia may cause cystic features of lung parenchyma which can resolve or progress to larger blebs. Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) was reported as a complication of COVID-19 with an incidence of 1% in hospitalized patients, in 3% of patients hospitalized with pneumonia, in 6% mechanically ventilated patients and in 1% of decased patients. Pneumothorax was more likely in patients with neutrophilia, severe lung injury and a prolonged clinical course. We present 11 cases of SP managed with chest tube thoracostomy (CTT) or high dose oxygen therapy. Isolated SP was detected in all cases. Eight cases were male and three cases were female. There were bilateral ground-glass opacities or pulmonary infiltrates in the parenchyma of the ten cases. We detected neutrophilia, lymphopenia and increased CRP, Ferritin, LDH, D-Dimer, IL-6 levels in almost all cases. CTT was sufficient to treat pneumothorax in our nine of case. In two cases, pneumothorax healed with high dose oxygen therapy. Favipiravir and antibiotic treatment were given to different ten patients. In our institution, all patients with COVID-19 infection were placed on prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation, unless contraindicated. The treatments of patients diagnosed with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax during the pandemic period and those diagnosed with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in the previous three years were compared with the durations of tube thoracostomy performed in both groups. The increased number of cases of pneumothorax suggests that pneumothorax may be a complication of covid-19 infection. During medical treatment of covid-19, pneumothorax may be the only reason for hospitalization. Although tube thoracostomy is a sufficient treatment option in most cases, clinicians should be aware of the difficulties that may arise in diagnosis and treatment.

Letter to the editor