Thomas Elias Cocolios edited sectionThe_CERN_ISOL.tex  over 7 years ago

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ISOLDE stands for the Isotope Separator On-Line DEvice \cite{Jonson2000}. Based on a technique originally developed in Sweden in the 1960s, ISOLDE was quickly identified as a high-potential facility for nuclear research and its construction at CERN was approved in 1964 and the first radioactive ions were delivered to experiments in 1967. The idea behind ISOLDE is the same as in any sorting facility: starting from a mixtures of elements, pick out the one of interest out of the others to deliver it to an experiment. But when you are searching for a needle in a haystack which sometimes only survives for a few 100 ms, the challenge is extreme. And everyone knows that the best way to get the needle out of the haystack is with a powerful magnet! Thus goes ISOLDE through several steps: the production of radioactive isotopes by the irradiation of different materials with CERN's low-energy proton beam, followed by the ionisation of the radioactive recoils through which some chemical selection can be performed, and then the separation of the mono-energetic ion beam through a constant magnetic field for mass selection. These fundamental concepts allow already to display the importance that some basic scientific concepts, within grasps of a young audience, can have on advanced machinery, such as the chemical differences between alkali elements, refractory elements, metals or noble gases, or such as the path followed by a charged particle in a magnetic field.  ISOLDE hosts today a set of permanent experiments, which can be readily approached \footnote{Access to some parts may be restricted at times to account for safety concerns.}. Those different experiments aim at studying some of the aspects highlighting earlier, such as the nature of the strong force, nuclear properties and reactions of interest for stellar evolution, but also as probe to characterise new materials or to support novel medical research. Such a rich and diverse experimental programme, with close to 50 different experiments scheduled each year between Easter and Thanksgiving, enables to address many disciplines and interest a variety of communities of more than 700 users spread across 17 member states\footnote{Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.} and beyond. \textbf{Thomas - 19th January}  %General overview of the ISOLDE visits and the target audience\\  The ISOLDE facility welcomes hundreds of visitors each year, allowing them a glimpse inside one of CERN's oldest facilities. With the goal of educating visitors about the world-leading research that is performed at ISOLDE, and encouraging students to consider nuclear physics in their studies, ISOLDE has opened its doors to thousands of visitors in recent years. As shown in Figure~\ref{fig:visitors}(a), the number of visitors has been steadily increasing over the past 6 years, reaching over one thousand visitors in 2016. Figure~\ref{fig:visitors}(b) presents the breakdown of the type of visitor that comes to ISOLDE. The vast majority of visitors (nearly 50\%) are university students from one of the ISOLDE Collaboration's member countries. This is followed by a significant fraction (22\%) of professional visitors and secondary-school students (14\%). In recent years, ISOLDE has become a highlight for the CERN Teachers Programmes, which gives high-school teachers the chance to keep up-to-date with the latest developments in physics, and as such, ISOLDE welcomes more teachers into the facility every year. The breakdown of visitor nationality is presented in Figure~\ref{fig:visitors}(c), illustrating a wide range of visiting countries. University students from France, Belgium, Sweden, Germany and the UK are especially common, often a result of Physics Society organised CERN trips or connections with a member of the ISOLDE personnel.  Multiple times a year, ISOLDE takes part in tours organised by the CERN Press Office: visiting dignitaries, often involved in science policy, and heads of state. Figure~\ref{fig:king} shows one such visit, where ISOLDE welcomed King Philippe of Belgium and Nobel prize winner Francois Englert on May 21, 2014. \textbf{Kara - 19th January}  %CERN MEDICIS \cite{dosSantos2014}, a facility dedicated to medical research, with MEDICIS-Promed contributing to its visibility\\