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\section{The System as It Stands}  A study published on July 1 this year in PNAS used Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests to collect collected  information on 55 university and 12 consortia of libraries’ contracts with academic journal publishing companies \cite{Bergstrom_2014}. 360 contracts were received, documenting pricing and bundling deals made between these institutions and 9 major publishers (including Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, ACS, and Oxford University Press). In the mid 1990s, with the shift from primarily print to digital distribution, economic formulations changed. No longer would a major research university have to subscribe to multiple copies of the most popular journals, no longer would storage space play as significant a role in subscription decisions (estimated total costs for storage of a 2500 page journal volume range from \$300-1000, dependent on accessibility). And publishers could now offer their whole catalog of journals (from the high impact to esoterically specialized) at one discounted, “Big Deal” price. In the own words of Derk Haank, then Elsevier and current Springer CEO:  \begin{quote}  But what it [electronic publishing] does do is to dramatically lower the marginal costs of allowing access … ...  [It] is virtually nil and that means that we should be more creative in the business model in the future.... So, we should have models model....  where we make a deal with the university, the consortia or the whole country, where we say for this amount we will allow all your people to use our material, unlimited, 24 hours per day. And, basically the price then depends on a rough estimate of how useful is that product for you; and we can adjust it over time. \end{quote}  Here, “adjust it over time” means mandate on average 5-6\% price increases annually on a contract. annually.  This study calculates: \begin{quote}  “A bundle whose price increased by 5.5\% per year would have doubled its price between 1999 and 2012, whereas over the same period the US consumer price index rose by 38\%.”