Alessandro Farsi edited section_Experimental_Setup_An_optimal__.tex  almost 8 years ago

Commit id: 7637ab9ad139c890544a050c6a4833c96ea0b8b5

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Signal and pumps are coupled together using O-Band/C-band WDM, temporally synchronized and injected in the nonlinear fiber. The polarization of each field is independently controlled to ensure parallel polarization in the nonlinear fiber.   The $~100$ m of nonlinear fiber is spooled and placed in a cryogenic container. Signal losses through the setup are as low as $2.6$ dB, due to splices, connectors and WDMs. Since the second WDM removes > 30dbB of pump power, we consider most of the Raman noise generated between the two WDMs, and we take care of placing as much amount of fiber as possible in the cryostat. At the end of the interaction, a second WDM removes most of the pumps, and the signal is sent to the detection stage.  Before detection, the signal has to be carefully filtered of all residual pump photons and thermal noise: we used a combination of a fiber-based $1300$ nm/$1550$ nm pass/reject filter and a free-space filtering setup (3 dB losses) composed of a lowpass sharp-edge filter at $1310$ nm (Semrock) and a narrow band grating filter ($0.60(1)$ nm, 2.6 dB). Alternatively we used a Dispersion Compensating Module (DCM $D = -1200nm$ -1200$ nm  at $1300$ nm, $7.6$ dB losses) for spectral characterization of the entire $1260-1300$ nm band, using time of arrival information to recover the wavelength. For detection, we utilized superconductive nanowire single photon detector SNSPD, with nominal q.e. $~70\%$ at $1300$ nm and $~200$ dark counts per second in free-running operation. Temporal measurements are performed using a Time Tagging Module (TTM, Roithner Lasertechnik) with internal resolution $82.3$ ps. The time delay between triggering and detection is about 1200 ns.  An external cavity laser (OSICS), tunable between $1260$ nm and $1340$ nm, is used both for testing purposes and, in combination with a tunable attenuator and a elecro-optical modulator, to generate a weak coherent signals.