Roger Coe Eddy edited par_textbf_Institutional_Resistances_begin__.tex  almost 8 years ago

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\par\textbf{Institutional Resistances}  \begin{quote}  4a. The word resistance was used in individual psychology, interpersonal communication, and organizational studies but it referred to different things. We needed to read books or articles outside our own field and discuss these differences and in some cases use new or different descriptions to avoid narrowing down our observations. While some events seemed relatively simple often more distant cause or even cascading series of event were involved with a final result of error. These processes are described in \textit{Human Error} by James Reason.\cite{Reason199010}  \end{quote} 

\par\textbf{Better Tools}  \begin{quote} 5a. These brief sentences may give the reader an idea of what kind of events and terms were being studied but there is not sufficient detail in the brief sentences to learn from them. A tool is needed for better narrative description. What happened? This narrative should have at least some limited discussion of the opinion of the author as well as a description of the event. This tool could be called a Narrative Report. This is a story, on the surface simple, but quite important to investigating error and subject to many differing interpretations. The differences are not resolved by one correct answer but are helpful in determining where lapses, conflicts, issues, exist. \end{quote}  \begin{quote}  5b. When we solicited narrative reports and wrote them ourselves we discovered our descriptions of events suffered from a lack of \emph{close observation} and insufficient appreciation of the role of \emph{participant observation}. We also found shorter briefer incident notes had a useful place in indexing concepts, that is "here is an example of X." We added a short note form at this time called "OoopsDaisy." to address these issues. We also found these short notes an aide to memory and at times resilience. \end{quote} \begin(quote}  5c. The discussion of multiple incidents convinced us of the complexity of Human Error. Our reading led us in multiple directions and disciplines. Who was right? We developed a much more complex form of report that pushes the user to start with a Narrative Report and Description and then add new sections: a Title, Source and Distribution Section, Abstract, Keywords, Organizational Point of View, Interpersonal/Communicative Point of View, Individual Point of View, Feelings (then and now), Work Points, Links to References, Media, or Associations. With sufficient introduction and examples even users on their first attempt could produce reports that engaged their interests and ours. This final tool is called a Complex Context Critical Incident Report (CCCIR).  \end{quote}  \par\textbf{Biased Approaches to Life Events}