this is for holding javascript data
Massimiliano Sala edited bits1.tex
over 7 years ago
Commit id: e9b43d37428d548d10c3b3d0473d00509826602e
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with the sum. Unfortunately, this cannot always be done, as we will see from now on.
\smallskip
Given $2 \in \ZZ$, we know that we \emph{cannot} find any integer
number $b$ such that $2 \cdot b = b \cdot 2
=1$; in order =1$.
It is still possible to find such
an element, a number $b$, but we need to move to \emph{fractions} i.e. consider the set of \emph{rational numbers} $\QQ$ instead of $\ZZ$.
The set $\QQ$ is not so different from $\ZZ$, in particular
all the properties previously stated for $\ZZ$ also hold for $\QQ$. Still, if we consider $2 \in \QQ$ we can easily find $b= \frac{1}{2} \in \QQ$, for which $2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 =1$.
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Notice that all the properties that we stated for $\ZZ$ also hold for $\QQ$ and consider $2 \in \QQ$. In this case, we We can easily find
$b= \frac{1}{2} \in \QQ$, a similar rational for each \emph{nonzero} element of $\QQ$ (while we cannot for
which $2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 =1$. $0$).
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This can be easily done for each \emph{nonzero} element of $\QQ$, while it It is
false for $0$. of utmost interest to observe that bits behave like rational numbers rather than integers.
Indeed, in $\Fb$ $1 \cdot 1=1$, but we cannot find any bit $b$ such that $1 \cdot b = b \cdot 1 =1$.
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We
point out that exactly the same holds for bits: $1 \cdot 1=1$ but no elements in $\Fb$ can be multiplied by zero, getting $1$ as results.
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We can formalize this property, saying that each nonzero element of $\QQ$ (resp $\Fb$) has a
\emph{inverse} w.r.t. multiplication, \emph{multiplicative inverse}, i.e.
$$\forall a \in \QQ\setminus \{0\}\, (\textrm{ resp } \Fb\setminus \{0\}),\, \exists a^{-1} \in \QQ\setminus \{0\}\, (\textrm{ resp } \Fb\setminus \{0\}) \textrm{ s.t. } a\cdot a^{-1} =a^{-1} \cdot a =1. $$
In $\Fb$, the
(multiplicative) inverse of $1$ is $1$ and $0$ has no
inverse. (multiplicative) inverse
(but keep in mind that the opposite of $0$ exists: in $\Fb$ $-0=0$).
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Finally, we show how sum and multiplication interact. Taken $2,3,4\in \QQ$, we have that
$$2 \cdot(3+4)= 2\cdot 7 =14 = (2\cdot 3)+(2\cdot 4) = 6+8. $$