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Giancarlo Rinaldo edited friends.tex
about 6 years ago
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Another particular fact about these fields, is that exist elements whose powers cover all the non-zero elements of thield itself. As an example consider the elements $3$ and $5$ in $\ZZ_7$.
The powers of $3$ are
\begin{align} \begin{align*}
3 \\
3^2\equiv 9\equiv 2\\
3^3\equiv 3^2\cdot 3\equiv 2\cdot 3\equiv 6 \\
3^4\equiv 3^3\cdot 3\equiv 6\cdot 3\equiv 4 \\
3^5\equiv 3^4\cdot 3\equiv 4\cdot 3\equiv 5 \\
3^6\equiv 3^5\cdot 3\equiv 5\cdot 3\equiv 1
\end{align} \end{align*}
The powers of $5$ are
\begin{align} \begin{align*}
& 5 \\
& 5^2\equiv 25\equiv 4\\
& 5^3\equiv 5^2\cdot 5\equiv 4\cdot 5\equiv 6 \\
& 5^4\equiv 5^3\cdot 5\equiv 6\cdot 5\equiv 2 \\
& 5^5\equiv 5^4\cdot 5\equiv 2\cdot 5\equiv 3 \\
& 5^6\equiv 5^5\cdot 5\equiv 3\cdot 5\equiv 1
\end{align} \end{align*}