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\section{The Hex notation}  In programming, sometimes, it can be useful to represent in a compact way long strings of bits.  For this aim, we use hexadecimal notation, i.e. the notation for numbers in base $16$. Thus This  notation system uses sixteen symbols, i.e. the usual symbols 0-9 to represent numbers from 0 to 9 and then the letters A, B, C, D, E, F for the numbers from ten to sixteen. \\  Each hexadecimal digit represents a nibble, i.e. four bits, as shown in the following table  \begin{center}