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Jonathan Nichols edited Second Order Decay.tex
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In second order, Rate coefficients are a vital part of any kinetics experiment. There are many instances in classical kinetics where the
single rate coefficient model does not sufficiently describe a population decaying over time
dependent [insert citation]. The overall rate coefficient
may depend of a distribution of rate coefficients or may be time dependent, respectively known as static and dynamic disorder[insert citation]. Both static and dynamic disorder have mostly been studied in first order irreversible decay reactions[insert citation], but has now been studied in second, mixed second, and $n^{th}$ order irreversible decay. An inequality between two important quantities known as the statistical length and Fisher divergence is
able to quantitatively measure the
time derivative amount of static and dynamic disorder of
a rate coefficient over a period of time and is able to determine when traditional kinetics is truly valid[insert citation]. When the inequality is minimized, the
inverse statistical description of
rate coefficients is also minimized, which can help one determine the
survival function[insert citation]
\begin{equation}
\frac{dS(t)^{-1}}{dt}=k(t)
\end{equation}
Now consider best data set to use during a
population kinetic analysis. This inequality measures the temporal and spatial variation in the rate coefficient. When there is no static or dynamic disorder, this inequality is reduced to an equality and it is the only time where traditional kinetics is truly valid.
It has recently been shown that an inequality between the statistical length squared and the divergence can numerically represent how constant a rate coefficient is of
some species A a population irreversibly decaying
into B following over time in first order[insert citation]. This inequality is derived from the
reaction $A+A\rightarrow B$. The second first order
integrated rate law
is [cite]
\begin{equation}
[A_t]=\frac{[A_0]}{1+\omega t[A_0]}
\end{equation}
The second order and survival
function function. In traditional kinetics, irreversible decay is
\begin{equation}
S(t)=\frac{[A_t]}{[A_0]}=\frac{1}{1+\omega t[A_0]}
\end{equation}
The time only dependent
on one rate
coefficient for coefficient, $\omega$, and the mechanism of the reaction. The rate law of a
second first order reaction
of A irreversibly decaying into B is
\begin{equation}
k(t)=\left(\frac{dS(t)^{-1}}{dt}\right)=\frac{d}{dt}\left[1+\omega t[A_0]\right]=\omega[A_0] \frac{-dA}{dt}=\omega[A]
\end{equation}
S(t) has been changed to fit a second order model The mechanism of
each irreversible
decay. From this definition of k(t), we define a statistical distance . The statistical distance represents the distance between two different probability distributions, which can decay reaction may be
applied to survival functions and rate coefficients.[cite] Integrating different. For example, the
arc length irreversible decay of
A into B may follow second order kinetics, where the
survival curve , $\frac{1}{S(t)}$, gives the statistical length. rate law is
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}(\Delta{t})=\int_{t_i}^{t_f}k(t)dt \frac{-dA}{dt}=\omega[A]^2
\end{equation}
Which is equal to $\frac{1}{S(t)}\big|_{S_(t_f)}^{S_(t_i)}$, which measures the cumulative The time dependent rate coefficient,
same as in first order irreversible decay. As seen in first order, the statistical length is also dependent on the time interval, with the statistical length being infinite in an infinite time interval. To form an inequality, another quantity called the Fisher divergence is calculated, which k(t), is
defined as [cite]
\begin{equation}
\frac{\mathcal{J}(\Delta{t})}{\Delta{t}}=\int_{t_i}^{t_f}k(t)^{2}dt
\end{equation}
It has been shown that in first order kinetics determined by integrating the
inequality between rate law of the
statistical length squared reaction and
Fisher divergence determines when forming a
survival function from the integrated rate
coefficient is constant, which is only when law. From the
inequality turns into an equality.[cite] A similar inequality is found in second order kinetics. The inequality between statistical length squared and Fisher divergence is
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}(\Delta{t})^2\leq \mathcal{J}(\Delta{t})
\end{equation}
Which also means that
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{J}(\Delta{t})-\mathcal{L}(\Delta{t})^2\geq 0
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\Delta{t}\int_{t_i}^{t_f}k(t)^{2}dt-\left[{\int_{t_i}^{t_f}k(t)dt\right]^{2}dt\geq0
\end{equation}
Putting in survival function, the time dependent rate coefficient
for a second order irreversible decay, the inequality becomes
\begin{equation}
\omega^2[A_0]^2\Delta{t}^2-\left(\omega[A_0]\Delta{t}\right)^2\geq0
\end{equation}
This result is
very similar to that determined by taking various time derivatives of
first order irreversible decay($\omega^2\Delta{t}^2-\left(\omega\Delta{t}\right)^2\geq0$), the
only difference being a dependence survival function, depending on the
initial concentration total order of
the reactant. This initial concentration dependence serves to cancel the concentration units in the second reaction. For first order
rate coefficient, making irreversible decay reactions, the
statistical length and Fisher divergence dimensionless. When there is a time
independent dependent rate coefficient
and there is
no static disorder, the
equality holds $\omega^2[A_0]^2\Delta{t}^2=\left(\omega[A_0]\Delta{t}\right)^2$. negative time derivative of the natural log of the survival function[insert citation]
\begin{equation}
\frac{-dlnS(t)}{dt}=k(t)
\end{equation}