Theresa Mendoza edited untitled.tex  about 8 years ago

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Traffic is defined as (1) the movement(as of vehicles or pedestrians) through an area or along a route (2) congestion of vehicles (3) the passengers or cargo carried by a transportation system (4) the business of transporting passengers or freight (5) the volume of customers visiting a business establishment \cite{Merriam-Webster}.  Road traffic congestion is a recurring problem in central business districts and metropolitan areas which is brought about by daily urban migration from provinces, urban growth and infrastructural constraints \cite{Matthew_2014}. The negative impact of these factors are greatly felt most especially in developing countries \cite{Jain_2012}, such as the Philippines. Similiarly, in other developing countries such as Cairo,Egypt comprising of 19 million inhabitants alone (one-fifth of the country's population), the adverse effects of traffic congestion such as unpredictable commute times, environmental pollution, fuel waste and unproductive hours stuck in traffic \cite{nakat_herrera_cherkaoui_2014} are just some of its negative effects. These results to making it an unattractive location for investors to do businesses proving greater cost in resources such as time and money due to poor road network planning and traffic management \cite{Jain_2012}.   According A study conducted by the Portland Business Alliance, Port of Portland and Metro that congestion cost Portland local economy 6,500 jobs and $844 million a year by 2025, including lost worker productivity, higher transportation costs and lost business earnings.\cite{fadare_ayantoyinbo_2010}. Comparatively, according  to an economic report of the Philippines conducted by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) which was tasked by the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) Board, chaired by President Benigno S. Aquino III, that the present traffic cost of the country is P2.4 billion daily and by 2030 it would likely increase to P6 billion a day \cite{JICA_2014} .