Sean Maguire edited Theory of cytochrome oxidase.md  over 9 years ago

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The two measures combine to make a powerful experimental approach. Cytochrome oxidase is the final electron acceptor in the mitochonrdial electron transport chain and is thus an integral component in producing ATP, the main source of energy for nerve cells (CITE). Wong-Riley (1979) introduced a histochemical procedure for measuring cytochrome oxidase and it has subsuqently been linked to neural activity in humans, rodents and lizards. Egr-1 is a transcription factor that is activated in nerve cells in response to many different social and non-social stimuli (CITE SOMEHTING), it can be measured using radioactive insitu hybridization a method which is compatible with COX histochemistry, such that the two can be done on adjacent sections of the same animal. COX is a longer term measure which changes over the course of days to weeks of a change in cellular metabolism of a particular brain area, it is therefore an integrated measure of activity over a long time period. Egr-1 on the other hand is activated within minuites to an hour after a stimulus and is therefore a short term marker of activity. To better understand the differences one can use the analogy of a mucsel like a bicep. If someone were to work out over many days the bicep would get larger, and one could create a model relating the amount of training to the size of the bicep as well as the bicep's ability to lift weight. However if you wanted to know how much the bicep was used in a specific exercise you would need to use a more real-time measurment of the muscel flexure. The first measure, the size of the bicep, is analogous to the measurement of cytochrome oxidase since it tells you the metabolic capacity of particular brain area but not the extent of its activity in any particular task. The second measure, muscel flexure, is analogous to the meausrment of Egr-1 since it tells you more about the acitivy of a brain area in reponse to a specific stimulus (Analogy parafrased from Gonzalez-Lima YEAR).  My studies are the first to be done using cytochrome oxidase histochemistry  on Teleost fish. This report is to validate these methods for use in teleost fish. In order to be a valid histochemical assay the reaction product should be linear with respect to tissue thickness and incubation time.