e285dbbdbc76084ab420b4384bf6c0fc6f8b4f1a
EEG data processing/statistical analysis
Resting quantitative EEG and corticospinal
excitability (transcranial magnetic stimulation; MEP) were recorded before (PRE)
and at the end (POST) of each intervention. Quantitative EEG measures included: mean power, mean frequency and mean coherence. The three measures were reported normalized as the percentage change between PRE and POST stimulation, for each frequency band and electrode. The frequency bands were defined as: Theta= [4 8] Hz, Alpha-1=[8 10] Hz, Alpha-2=[10 12] Hz, SMR=[12 16] Hz, Beta-1=[16 25] Hz, Beta-2=[25 35] Hz, Gamma=[35 40] Hz. (ref???) GIULIO/LAURA
The Hz.
The mean power is defined as the average power in each uV2 in a given frequency band and for each electrode.The band. The mean frequency is defined as the average frequency in which there is the highest power in the a given band, weighting each frequency band. value by their corresponding power at that frequency. The mean coherence of a given electrode is defined as the average coherence of this electrode with all the other ones.--> Giulio ones (i.e., the similarity of that signal with all the other electrodes).--> Giulio to revise
The revise - DONE
The EEG data were
referenced to the average of all 8 electrodes. An automated quality check of
the data was then carried out using 8 sec epochs. Epochs have been rejected if
they do not meet quality criteria (too high mean power at full band or line
...
MEP amplitude (peak-to-peak; ECR muscle) was measured following
single-pulse TMS (10/12) set at 120% [DE12] of the RMT over the C3[DE13] . Raw and normalized values were used for
analysis[DE14] . Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and standard
error of the mean (SEM)[DE15] .
The (SEM)[DE15] .
After normalizing the EEG features as the percentage change between PRE and POST stimulation, statistical comparison between Sham and Active (1mA) stimulation has been done. The p value in the T tests has been calculated with a Wilcoxon one-tail T test with the assumption of paired samples. Changes are
considered statistically significant when p =< 0.05. Since all the features are measured in 8
channels at the same time, the Bonferroni correction has been applied to the significance of all features. [DE17] --> Bonferroni correction not applied, discuss with Giulio
Results
Effects of tDCS on EEG
Normalized pre-post EEG power, frequency and coherence for those subjects who received 1mA tDCS compared to those who received sham stimulation shows: a)
significant increase of the mean power in the 1mA group in the Gamma frequency
band under C3 (p=0.0035), the anodal stimulating electrode; b) a significant increment in the active group of mean frequency around the anode (stimulating)
electrode (C3, F3) (p=0.0047) with a decreased mean frequency in the Alpha band near the
return electrode (P4) (p=0.035); and c) significantly
increased mean coherence in the active group in the fastest frequency bands Beta2 under Cz and C4 (p=0.007), Gamma band under Cz electrode (p=0.0023), C3 electrode (p=0.0006) and C4 electrode (p=0.0006), and SMR band under C3 electrode (p=0.05).
LAURA – ADD THE TYPE OF TEST USED FOR THE RESULTS AND THE P VALUES
OBTAINED --> Described above
Effects above
Effects of tDCS on Corticospinal excitability
Baseline values for resting MEP
amplitude were similar between interventions (average: 0.37±0.05 mV; mean±SEM).
No significant changes were observed for 1 mA a-tDCS or sham. The stimulation
intensities used to obtain the RMT were not significantly different between 1
...
population.
2. The effect of the TDCS in EEG
is location specific and band specific.
3. The fastest bands are more
affected. Augmented power and frequency of fast bands (Gamma and B2) under the
anode electrode - there is more fast activity under the anodal electrode. Why Why is this?
3.1. this?
3.1. Anodal
stimulation leads to increased spontaneous neuronal firing, increase motor
cortex excitability. So we would expect more fast activity and higher
amplitudes under the anode electrode.
3.2. Brain
...
AND SENSORY MOTOR CORTEX?? – JANA
3.3. Anodal
tDCS makes C3 to be more related to the rest of the head, by increasing the
connectivity of the SMR under the stimulating electrode.
INTERPRETANTION OF THIS POINT TO GIULIO/LAURA,
ANYTHING PUBLISHED BEFORE?
3.4. BEFORE?
3.4. This
is an excitability independent change (no TMS change associated). Can EEG pick
up changes in the brain than TMS cannot?
LABAR?
Conclusion
These findings show that t-DCS is capable of inducing modulation of ongoing oscillatory brain rhythms captured by