Data href="#_msocom_9">[DE9] 

EEG data processing/statistical  analysis

Resting quantitative EEG and corticospinal excitability (transcranial magnetic stimulation; MEP) were recorded before (PRE)  and at the end (POST) of each intervention..Quantitative intervention. Quantitative  EEG measures included: power spectrum density (PSD), mean power,  mean frequency and coherence. The PSD refers to mean coherence. The three measures were reported as  the percentage change between PRE and POST average power in each frequency band, stimulation,  for eachelectrode. Mean frequency is [DE10] the percentage change between PRE and POST for  mean  frequencyin each  band and for each electrode, defined as the mean  frequency of the power spectrum weighted over that band.

Mean  coherence is the  percentage  change (PRE and POST) in each  band and each electrode, defined as the average coherence  of this electrode with all the other ones.[DE11] 

The electrode. The  frequency bands were defined as: Theta= [4 8] Hz, Alpha-1=[8 10] Hz, Alpha-2=[10 12] Hz, SMR=[12 16] Hz, Beta-1=[16 25] Hz, Beta-2=[25 35] Hz, Gamma=[35 40] Hz. (ref???)

The Hz. (ref???) GIULIO/LAURA

The mean power is defined as the average power in each frequency band and for each electrode.The mean frequency is defined as the frequency in which there is the highest power in the given frequency band. The mean coherence of a given electrode is defined as the average coherence of this electrode with all the other ones.--> Giulio to revise

The  EEG data were referenced to the average of all 8 electrodes. An automated quality check of  the data was then carried out using 8 sec epochs. Epochs have been rejected if  they do not meet quality criteria (too high mean power at full band or line 
...
have the same subjects in all the conditions, 7 subjects were analyzed for Sham  and 1mA.

Resting  MEP amplitude (peak-to-peak; ECR muscle) was measured following  single-pulse TMS (10/12) set at 120% [DE12] of [DE12] of  the RMT over the C3[DE13] . C3[DE13] .  Raw and normalized values were used for analysis[DE14] . analysis[DE14] .  Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and standard error of the mean (SEM)[DE15] .

Changes (SEM)[DE15] .

The p value in the T tests has been calculated with a Wilcoxon one-tail T test with the assumption of paired samples. Changes  are considered statistically significant when p < 0.05[JC16] . Since =< 0.05. Since  all the features are measured in 8 channels at the same time, the Bonferroni correction correction  has been applied to the significance of all features. [DE17] 

                                          [DE17] --> Bonferroni correction not applied, discuss with Giulio

               PLEASE ADD THE STUDY DATA ANALYSIS – GIULIO / LAURA

Results

Effects LAURA --> described above

Results

Effects  of tDCS on EEG

Normalized pre-post EEG power power, frequency and coherence  for those subjects who received  1mA tDCS  compared to those who received  sham shows; a) stimulation shows: a)  significant increase of the mean power in the 1mA group in the Gamma frequency  band under C3 (p=0.0035), the anodal stimulating electrode; b) a significant increment in the active group of mean frequency around the anode (stimulating)  electrode (C3, F3) (p=0.0047) with a decreased mean frequency in the Alpha band near the  return electrode (P4) (p=0.035); and c) significantly  increased mean coherence in the active group in the fastest frequency bands Beta2 under Cz and C4 (p=0.007), Gamma band under Cz electrode (p=0.0023), C3 electrode (p=0.0006) and C4 electrode (p=0.0006), and SMR band under C3 electrode (p=0.05).

LAURA – ADD THE TYPE OF TEST USED FOR THE RESULTS AND THE P VALUES  OBTAINED --> Described  above

Figure 2 - Normalized pre-post EEG power, frequency and coherence for 1mA tDCS compared to sham stimulation shows; a) significant  increase of the mean powerdomain  in the Gamma frequency band under C3, the anodal stimulating electrode; b) a significant increment of faster activity around the anode (stimulating) electrode (C3, F3) with a decreased mean frequency in the Alpha band near the return electrode (P4); and c) significantly c) significantly  increased mean coherence in the fastest frequency bands (Beta2, Gamma) and SMR under the stimulating electrode (C3), the symmetrical location in the other hemisphere (C4) and the vertex (Cz). The lower map provides the p-value (Wilcoxon test) of Sham vs. active stimulation.

LAURA – ADD THE TYPE OF TEST USED FOR THE RESULTS AND THE P VALUES  OBTAINED

                                                                                          Figure 2

Effects (1mA) stimulation. 

Effects  of tDCS on Corticospinal excitability

Baseline values for resting MEP amplitude were similar between interventions (average: 0.37±0.05 mV; mean±SEM).  No significant changes were observed for 1 mA a-tDCS or sham. The stimulation  intensities used to obtain the RMT were not significantly different between 1  mA (64±17% MSO) and sham (66±16% MSO). All participants presented MEP  responses.

Discussion

1. 

Discussion

1.  tdcs does modulate EEG in SCI population.

2. The effect of the TDCS in EEG  is location specific and band specific.

3. The fastest bands are more  affected. Augmented power and frequency of fast bands (Gamma and B2) under the