deletions | additions       diff --git a/introduction.tex b/introduction.tex  index 4aece18..1a4fe69 100644  --- a/introduction.tex  +++ b/introduction.tex 
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Nitrogen levels can increase dramatically post-fire (eg \cite{bladon_wildfire_2008} and \cite{carignan_comparative_2000}). Following fire soil organic nitrogen is either volatilised or largely converted into inorganic forms (i.e. NH+4 and NO-3) \cite{certini_effects_2005}. Nitrite is mainly formed from NH+4 through nitrification up until months after the fire \cite{certini_effects_2005}. Both NH4+–N and NO3–N are available to plants, but with non-existing vegetation cover after a severe fire, these compounds are leached out \cite{smith_wildfire_2011}. Nitrite concentrations may peak shortly after the fire and return to reference values within 2-3 years (eg \cite{bladon_wildfire_2008} and \cite{carignan_comparative_2000}). However, other studies in have reported high concentrations of nitrite up to 5-9 years post-fire (\cite{hauer_phosphorus_1998} \cite{mast_effects_2008}). In contrast to nitrite, ammonium is expected to be held by the soil to a higher degree because it adsorbed onto negatively charged surfaces of soil particles \cite{mroz_effects_1980}. However, a study observed a NH+4 pulses that lasted over 2 growing seasons \cite{grogan_fire_2000}.  ONLY N. Am.!! Add TURNER ref?  LAND USE EFFECTS  -WHAT DETERMINES WATER QUALITY IN BOREAL LANDSCAPE NORMALLY? Variation in surface water quality at the catchment scale in the boreal landscape is mainly controlled by landscape heterogeneity \cite{humborg_nutrient_2004}. A major influence on surface water pH is proportion of peatlands in the catchment through the release of organic acids \cite{buffam_landscape-scale_2007} . Peatland cover also reduces the nitrite concentration\cite{sponseller_patterns_2014}.   Soil modifications may be particularly important  in organic soils, where elements such as sulphur (S) are stored in reduced forms, and are therefore susceptible surface waters \cite{sponseller_patterns_2014}. Despite the clear effect of landscape characteristics on water chemistry this aspect has received little attention when examining the effect of wildfire on water chemistry. For example, wildfire can cause severe disturbance  to oxidation peatlands  and potentially increase oxidation of S with  subsequent leaching. leaching as a result. Similary, nitrite may not be retained in peatlands after fire.  WHAT INFO IS MISSING?  -BEFORE AFTER EXP 
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-EARLY MEASUREMENTS  THIS PAPERS AIM AND NOVELTY  The fire A wildfire in Sweden  in 2014 gave  the area oppertunity to study the effect of wildfire on water chemistry in a managed landscape with a high cover  of Västmanlands län affected an peatlands. The burnt  area that consists of multiple catchments allowing us to investigate local variation in post-fire responses. One of the catchments  is dominated by wetlands. included in a national water monitoring network enabling comparison with long-term trends in water chemistry.  This allows analyzing how forest practice such as ditching, age distribution or tree density affect fires severity and before-after approach is complimented by comparing data with nearby monitored catchments. Thus, our study can quantify the effect of the  fire spreading. without relying on only post-fire data and a few reference sites (see Mast 2013 and Betts and Jones, 2009 for other examples).  -  The overarching goal of this study is to investigate the short-term (12 months) effects of the 2014 Swedish wildfire on stream and lake water chemistry. Downstream data from seven burned watersheds and two reference (unburned) watersheds are presented together with data from ten lakes. In addition, pre-fire data exist for two of the streams in the burned area, making this a unique opportunity to quantify the impact of the wildfire on water chemistry. Furthermore, we want explore if catchment characteristics can be associated with the post-fire water chemistry. In particular we tested the variables: i) the proportion of severely burned upland, ii) proportion drained peatlands (i.e. treed peatlands), iii) proportion of open (i.e. undrained) peatlands. Overall classification of burn severity in uplands and peatlands are determined by remote sensing techniques.