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Based on the observation that JOP uses many libraries that makes system calls, De Raadt proposed a new mitigation technique against control-flow attacks _Pledge_\cite{pledge} for the OpenBSD operating system. To reduce the attack surface, programmers can annotate their program with pledge\cite{pledge(2)} requests to limit the number of systems calls a program can make. When running a pledged program, the kernel can enforce the pledge annotations and report an error if the program attempts to make system call that is not allowed. Figure 1 shows the example of how the _cat_ program is annotated in OpenBSD.  \begin{lstlisting}[caption=cat.c] \begin{lstlisting}[,caption= {"cat.c in OpenBSD"}]  int main() {  int ch;