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\section{Hydrology: rivers, freshwater and sediment supply}  Several rivers with different estuarine structures and dimensions  The  Po river (NE Italy) is the largest fresh water supply and is characterized by an annual mean runoff of about 1 700 m3Js. The maximum peaks of freshwater runoff are associated with snow melt and rain precipitation and occur, respectively, in spring and autumn (Marchetti, 1984). The annual mean runoff of the north- and west-coast rivers other than the Pois 350 m3Js; the rivers inflowing along the greater part of the eastern coast contribute about 700 m3/s, whereas the annual mean runoff concentrated along the 150 km of the eastern coast converging on the Otranto Strait amounts to about 1150 m3/s (Zore- Armanda, 1969 a).