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Abstract
I show that this new regulation has failed to achieve the objectives because of n reasons


This study investigates the impact of beer taxes and a variety of alcohol-control policies on  motor vehicle fatality rates. Special attention is paid to omitted variables biases resulting from  failing to adequately control for grassroots efforts to reduce drunk driving, the enactment of  other laws which simultaneously operate to reduce highway fatalities, and the economic  conditions existing at the time the legislation is passed. In the preferred models, most of the  regulations have little or no impact on traffic mortality. By contrast, higher beer taxes are  associated with reductions in crash deaths and this result is relatively robust across
When fixed costs are present, markets can deliver an excessive number of  products in inefficient product space locations under free entry. In this paper,  we study product provision under an alternative form of market organization,  state-run monopoly, using data from the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board  (PLCB), the state’s monopolist wine and spirits retailer. We use information on  store location choices, prices, wholesale cost, and sales to uncover the goals  implicit in its entry decisions.  We estimate a model of demand for liquor as a function of the price,  distance to stores, and other demographic characteristics. In counterfactual  analyses, we calculate configurations of stores that 1) maximize welfare, 2)  maximize profit, and 3) mimic free entry. We then compare the actual PLCB  store network to these analogs of theoretical benchmarks.  We find that the PLCB’s implicit goal is better characterized by welfare  than profit maximization. The state has roughly 3 times the number of stores  that would maximize profit and about a fifth more than would maximize  welfare. We also find that atomistic location decisions would dissipate between  6.9 and 11.5% of welfare from excessive clustering and entry of stores arising  from the failure to internalize business stealing. \footnote {The term ``Infrared Dark Cloud" or ``IRDC" typically refers to any cloud which is opaque in the mid-infrared.}--in pa



         

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