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\subsection{Linking the basis SIR model, Basic Reprodutive Rate, Herd Immunity}  The SIR model is certainly academically impressive, however when using any mathematical model, it is of vital importance in this case to recognise two things; will preventative action be able to be taken using these models, and what is the most significant part of the models, what aspect of the model can humans use to their advantage?  \\The answer to the first of these two questions is yes, it can be used in real-world action. The answer to the second, is that $R_0$ is undoubtedly the most vital component of the model. \textit{The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation} does use these models, and is spending vast resources on trying to reduce the $R_0$ value for malaria.  If \\If  $R_0$ can be thought of as the number of secondary cases resulting from one primary case, it can be said to be related to the rate of contact between persons and the rate at which they recover. $R_0$ can therefore be related to the SIR model, by saying that a good approximation of $R_0$ is equal to: \begin{equation}  R_0 = \frac{\beta}{\gamma}  \end{equation}  with as in the SIR, \beta representing the contact rate of the infected and susceptible, and \gamma, where an individual recovers with parameter \gamma.