Water as a Nucleophile

Water can act as a nucleophile due to the lone pair on the oxygen atom. The reactions is slower than with a hydroxide ion. When the two are heated under reflux, water attacks the haloalkane. The resultant ion will lose \(H^+\) to form an alcohol, giving a hydrolysis reaction: \[RX+H_2O \Rightarrow ROH+H^+ + X^-\]