EL9

Acids, bases, Alkalis and Neutralisation

Acids

• Turn Litmus Red

• Dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions

• H⁺ donor

Bases

• A compound that reacts with an acid to produce water and a salt

• A proton acceptor

Alkalis

• A base that dissolves in water to give hydroxide ions

Solutions of Acids and Bases

\[HCl(aq) + H_2O(l) \Rightarrow H_3O^+(aq) + Cl^-(aq)\]

• Water acts as a base

• Oxonium ion is present in every solution of an acid in water

• Oxonium acts as an acid, becoming a water molecule

Concentrations of solutions

\[\textup{Concentration}=\frac{\textup{Moles}}{\textup{Volume}}\]