Catherine Zucker edited sectionAnalysis_of_N.tex  about 9 years ago

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Our study is not the first to look for long filaments associated with spiral structure. \citet{Ragan_2014} and Wang et al. (2015) have undertaken similar studies. However, ours is the first study to specifically look for bones in regions we are most likely to find them, that is, elongated along the galactic plane. Moreover, ours is the only study to create a quantitative set of criteria capable of defining this new class of objects (i.e. galactic "bones").   In the former study, \citet{Ragan_2014} undertook a blind search (not restricted to latitudes where the mid-plane should lie) for long thin filaments (> $1^\circ$) in the first quadrant of the Milky Way, using near and mid-infrared images. In addition to confirming that Nessie lies along the Scutum arm, \citet{Ragan_2014} find seven GMFs of which only one, GMF 20.0-17.9, is said to be associated with Galactic structure (declared a spur of the Scutum-Centaurus arm). Our strongest bone candidate, BC\_18.88-0.09, is a subsection of GMF 20.0-17.9, but, unlike \citet{Ragan_2014}, we argue that BC\_18.88-0.09 runs right down the spine of the Scutum-Centaurus arm in p-v space. We believe the discrepancy arises due to a difference in methodology. \citet{Ragan_2014} group neighboring IRDCs into a single filament, despite a) breaks in the extinction feature b) kinks in velocity structure, occurring at longitudes of $\approx 19.3^{\circ}$ and $18.5^{\circ}$. Since grouping several IRDCs to make a longer structure violates our criteria 5 and 6, we only consider the continuous and  kinematically coherent part of the filament (yellow boxed region in figure \ref{fig:Candid5_with_tilt}), which is remarkably parallel to the Scutum arm in p-v space. Likewise, in figure 6 from \citet{Ragan_2014} (analogous to our figure \ref{fig:skeleton}), they represent filaments as straight lines connecting velocities measured at the tips of the filaments, while we represent filaments as sets of points whose velocities are determined by the BGPS, HOPS, MALT90, and GRS surveys. Thus, a clear and consistent description of a bone is critical, and, in future studies, we plan to continue to apply the criteria above to achieve consistency.