Catherine Zucker edited sectionAnalysis_of_N.tex  almost 9 years ago

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\section{Analysis of New Bones}  Filament 5 is our strongest bone candidate, in that it is highly elongated ($0.7^\circ$ or 45 pc, with an aspect ratio of 140:1) and \textit{exactly} along a previously-claimed spiral arm trace in \textit{p-p-v} space, although its orientation makes it less somewhat elongated than Nessie on the sky. In figure \ref{fig:Candid5_pos_vel} we show a \textit{p-v} diagram in the longitude range of filament 5 and overlay fits to the Scutum-Centaurus arm from \citet{Shane_1972}, \citet{Vallee_2008}, \citet{Dame_2011}, and Reid and Dame (2015, in prep). \citet{Reid_2015}.  We see that the HOPS, BGPS, and GRS-determined velocities associated with filament 5 are highly correlated with the \citet{Dame_2011} and Reid \& Dame (2015) the \citet{Reid_2015}  global-log fits to CO and HI, suggesting that filament 5 is marking a "spine" of the Scutum-Centaurus arm in this longitude range. Moreover, filament 5 also lies along a CO peak in longitude-latitude space, as evident in figure \ref{fig:Candid5_pos_pos}. By overlaying a trace of the mid-IR extinction feature of filament 5 on a plane of the sky map (integrated in Scutum-Centaurus's velocity range in the region around filament 5) we see that filament 5 lies in the center of the most intense CO emission. Finally, figure \ref{fig:Candid5_with_tilt} shows that filament 5 lies within $\approx$ 10 pc of the true physical mid-plane. All these figures taken together indicate that filament 5 is Nessie's counterpart in the first quadrant, suggesting that Nessie is not a curiosity, but one of several bones that trace significant spiral features. Our study is not the first follow up to the Nessie work in \citet{Goodman_2014} to look for more long filaments associated with spiral structure. \citet{Ragan_2014} and Wang et al. (2015) have undertaken similar studies. However, ours is the first study to specifically look for bones in regions we are most likely to find them, that is, elongated along the Galactic plane. Moreover, ours is the only study to create a quantitative set of criteria capable of defining this new class of objects (i.e. galactic "bones").