Maxwell Fishman edited Section_Introduction.tex  over 8 years ago

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\section{Introduction}  First proposed in 1973 by Chang and Esaki, resonant tunneling has since become a very well understood and well utilized property in devices\cite{Chang_1974}. Due to the microfabrication fabrication  capabilities at the time, the devices that could be created were too thick and defective to properly utilized this effect. Early experiments on this effect were promising, but only showed weak features at unrealistically low temperatures. However, since then microfabrication techniques has greatly improved and tunneling effects can now be well observed and utilized. One of the primary uses of this property is in the \textit{resonant tunneling diode}(RTD), in which the double potential barrier system allows for strong diode control\cite{Mizuta_1995}. In this report, the analysis of a theoretical RTD composed of topological insulator material will be carried out and used to compare the properties of this topologically non-trivial RTD to those of a conventional RTD. Topological insulators will be discussed in the following sections, but these materials exhibit unique edge state transport properties and could be useful in an RTD.