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Yen-Lin Chen added The_advantages_of_wet_SEM__.tex
over 8 years ago
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The advantages of wet SEM are many. First of all, The wet SEM provide a complete separation of the sample from vacuum, providing the the specimens with $100\%$ likely environments. Secondly, the BSE signals reveal the internal structures much deeper into the surface thanks to the vacuum in the sample chamber. The thick tissues and layered materials can be imaged. The BSE signals showed high sensitivity even for light atoms such as carbon and nitrogen. The need to use heavy metal stains can be eliminated if the spatial resolution required is about $100 nm$. Thirdly, no obvious structural damage was observed. The specimens remained intact for hours without noticeable shrink or deformation. Finally, the resolution is comparable to that of convention SEM and higher than the resolution for ESEM. However, more complex sample processing is required for wet SEM and membrane, Si chips and fluids should be characterized before imaging. The add and removal of the staining elements becomes extremely tedious. The charging problems are not solved completely and the SE signals as well as the surface information are lost by the membranes. Before further application to drug screening on medical uses, the disadvantages are better to be solved.
Although ESEM cannot provide a genuine environment and images with nanometer scale resolution, it is sufficient to image a majority of both biological and inorganic samples with acceptable spatial and temporal resolution.
