Sam Bader edited section_Sze_s_WKB_method__.tex  over 8 years ago

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As the electron enters the classically forbidden region, the $x$-component of its wavevector passes through zero onto the imaginary axis and the wavepacket decays in amplitude. As the electron exits the region, its wavevector passes back through zero once more and returns to the real axis. The WKB approximation provides a simple expression for the transmission coefficient through a tunneling barrier:  $$T(E)=\exp\left\{-2\int_{x_v}^{x_c}dx|k(x)|\right\}$$  where $x_v$ and $x_c$ are the valence and conduction-side boundaries of the tunnel region.\subsection{Reduction to a scattering problem}  To evaluate this integral, $k(x)$ should, in principle, come from the (complex) dispersion relation of the crystal (or some model thereof). In our approach, we will properly do so; however, it's worth noting the clever trick which Sze leverages to ignore the details of the dispersion and map the solution onto an introductory-level scattering problem. (In explaining this point, we briefly restore the assumption of uniform electric field.)  With the assumption of parabolic bands (both of effective mass $m$), one can just analytically continue the dispersion $E=E_V-\hbar^2k^2/2m$, $E=E_C+\hbar^2k^2/2m$ onto imaginary $k$.