Kevin Lee edited With_some_derivations_we_can__.tex  over 8 years ago

Commit id: ef455e72cb6b9ad6dfc13495118cd679d2b5d242

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\begin{equation}  Q^n=-\frac{1}{2\pi}\oint_{S}\textbf{b}_ndS  \end{equation}  Chern number is topological invariant. Which means under smooth deformations of the Hamiltonian or the surface. The only way its value can change is to close the gap. This means the state $|n(k)\rangle  $ |n> becomes degenerate with $|n-1\rangle  $ or $|n+1\rangle $ at certain point on the surface S.