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1.1 KEY QUESTIONS  A number of key questions will be addressed along this thesis. First, location choice models use geo-referenced data, for which choice sets have an explicit spatial component. It is thus critical to understand how to represent spatial aspect in location choice models. Second, what makes these discrete choices particularly interesting and challenging to analyze is that decisions of a particular establishment are interrelated with choices of the others. These thorny problems posed by the interdependence of decisions generally cannot be assumed away, without altering the realism of the model of establishment decision making. The conventional approaches to location selection fail by providing only a set of systematic steps for problem-solving without considering strategic interactions between the establishments in the market. One of the goals is to explore how to correctly adapt location choice models to study establishments' discrete choices when they are interrelated. Third, a firm can open a number of units andserves  the market from multiple locations. Once again traditional theory and methods may not be suitable to situations wherein individual establishments instead of locating independently from each other, form a whole large organization, such as a chain facing in addition a fierce competition from other chains. There is a necessity to incorporate interactions between units within the same and competing firms. Illustrative questions that can be answered are: What is the nature and degree of competition for each of the analyzed chain? How fast do the firm profit and the market power decline when the number of firms and their outlets in the market increases or when the distance to their rivals decreases? %How does a firm perceive a rival store located in a very close neighborhood and how if it is located far away?  

The literature of Chapter IV starts with the the trailbreaking work of Teitz (1968) who introduces the idea that a firm serves can serve  the market from multiple locations in the context of Hotelling's linear city model. Since then other researchers, such as Thill (1997), Chu and Lu (1998), Pal and Sarkar (2002), Janssen et al. (2005), Karamychev and van Reeven (2009), Iida and Matsubayashi (2011), Takaki and Matsubayashi (2013), Neven (1987), Peng and Tabuchi (2007), Granot et al. (2010), or Nishida (2015) have been proposing multi-store firms location models.o models.  The light is then put on the research by: Yang (2015) and Igami and Yang (2015) who study Canada's fast food hamburger industry of five substituable with one another chains; Toivanen and Waterson (2005) who analyze fast food restaurants in the UK; and Thomansen (2005) who focuses on two fast food chains in California. For comparison, three other studies are mentioned in chapter IV, these are: Nishida (2015) on convenience-store chains in Japan, Schiraldi et al. (2013) and Holmes (2011) on the UK supermarket industry, such as Walmart and other supercenters.