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GENERAL INTRODUCTION  This thesis is breathing new life into the location choice models of establishments. The need for methodological advances in order to model more realistically the complexity of establishments' decision-making process processes, such as their optimal location choices  is the key motivation of this thesis. First, location choice models use geo-referenced data, for which choice sets have an explicit spatial component. Itis  thus is  critical to understand and represent spatial aspect in location choice models. In addition, what makes these discrete choices particularly interesting and challenging to analyze is that decisions of a particular establishment are interrelated with choices of the others. These thorny problems posed by the interdependence of decisions generally cannot be assumed away, without altering the realism of the model of establishment decision making. The conventional approaches to location selection, i.e., traditional theory and methods, fail by providing only a set of systematic steps for problem-solving without considering strategic interactions between the establishments in the market. Less is known about how to correctly adapt location choice models to study establishments' discrete choices when they are interrelated. 1)   In this thesis, we concentrate our research on the Paris region,called as Ile-de-France -  a vibrant and innovative region with over 5,6 million jobs, 37 percent of French executives, and 40 percent of national workforce in research and development. It is a 1st R&D hub in Europe and the third worldwide. 11.7 million people or over 19 percent of the country's population reside in the area which occupies only 2.2 percent of the surface of France. The Paris region is the third World touristic destination (in 2013) (Global Destination Cities Index 2015) with 16 millions of visitors from abroad. The GDP of the region amounts to 29 percent of total French GDP (IAU IdF, 2014) 31 percent of total French GDP (http://www.grand-paris.jll.fr/fr/paris/chiffres-cles/) that is 612 milliards euros (2012). It is 1st European city considering the number of firms classified in Fortune 500 (July 2014). Yet, the Paris region’s economy is spatially unbalanced (Combes et al., 2011). The region is highly heterogeneous, especially regarding economic activity. While few municipalities host a large number of new establishments, others struggle to be chosen by any, and a large group of municipalities is left with no new creation. Depending on the analyzed sector, the percentage of municipalities left with no new establishment creation ranges from 34 percent up to 69 percent. When the observed data display a higher fraction of zeros than would be typically explained by the standard count data models, two types of models can be suggested: the hurdle model (Mullahy, 1986) or the zero-inflated model (Lambert, 1992). The hurdle model, also called the two-part model, reflects a two-part decision making process. It relaxes the assumption that the zero observations and the positive observations come from the same data generating process. The two-step decision-making process is reflected through the hurdle model interpretation.